Thermostat battery recharging during HVAC function active and inactive states
View Patent ↗A thermostat and related methods are described for controlling one or more functions, such as heating and cooling in an HVAC. According to some embodiments the thermostat includes a rechargeable battery; charging circuitry adapted and arranged to recharge the battery; and control circuitry adapted and arranged to control the one or more HVAC functions using power from the rechargeable battery. According to some embodiments, the thermostat also includes power harvesting circuitry adapted and arranged to harvest power from the HVAC system in cases where no common wire is available to the thermostat, and to supply power to the charging circuit for recharging the battery.
1. A thermostat for controlling one or more HVAC functions in an HVAC system the thermostat comprising:
a rechargeable battery;
charging circuitry adapted and arranged to recharge the battery;
power harvesting circuitry adapted and arranged to harvest power from a circuit of an HVAC function during times when the HVAC function is active and during times when the HVAC function is inactive, and to supply power to the charging circuit for recharging the battery, wherein during the times when the HVAC function is active, the power harvesting circuitry repeatedly charges and discharges a capacitive element to store electrical energy for use by the charging circuitry by repeatedly opening and closing a solid-state switching circuit for activating the HVAC function, such that during times when the solid-state switching circuit is closed, the HVAC function continues uninterrupted while simultaneously charging the capacitive element; and
control circuitry adapted and arranged to control the one or more HVAC functions using power from the rechargeable battery.
2. A thermostat according to claim 1 wherein the power harvesting circuitry is adapted and arranged to automatically select harvesting power from a power source among two or more available power sources.
3. A thermostat according to claim 1 wherein during power harvesting from the circuit of the HVAC function during the times when the HVAC function is active, the power harvesting circuitry operates according to the steps of:
monitoring a voltage associated with a charge level of said capacitive element:
instantiating said charging of said capacitive element when said voltage is below a lower threshold; and
terminating said charging of said charging of said capacitive element when said voltage exceeds an upper threshold.
4. A thermostat according to claim 1 wherein the thermostat is adapted to control HVAC systems having more than one power transformer.
5. A thermostat according to claim 1 wherein the charging circuitry is adapted to charge the battery such that longer cycle life is preferred over higher charge capacity.
6. A thermostat according to claim 5 wherein the charging circuitry is adapted to charge the battery to a final float voltage of less than about 4.1V.
7. A thermostat according to claim 6 wherein the charging circuitry is adapted to charge the battery to a final float voltage of between about 3.9V and 4.0V.
8. A method for controlling an HVAC system having an HVAC function, the method comprising:
harvesting power from a circuit of an HVAC function during times when the HVAC function is active and during times when the HVAC function is inactive, wherein during the times when the HVAC function is active, the power harvesting circuitry repeatedly charges and discharges a capacitive element to store electrical energy for use by a charging circuitry by repeatedly opening and closing a solid-state switching circuit for activating the HVAC function, such that during times when the solid-state switching circuit is closed, the HVAC function continues uninterrupted while simultaneously charging the capacitive element;
charging a rechargeable battery using the charging circuitry; and
controlling one or more HVAC functions using power from at least the rechargeable battery.
9. A method according to claim 8 wherein the HVAC function is heating or cooling.
10. A method according to claim 8 wherein during power harvesting from the circuit of the HVAC function during the times when the HVAC function is active, the power harvesting circuitry operates according to the steps of:
monitoring a voltage associated with a charge level of said capacitive Element;
instantiating said charging of said capacitive element when said voltage is below a lower threshold; and
terminating said charging of said charging of said capacitive element when said voltage exceeds an upper threshold.
11. A method according to claim 10 wherein the power harvesting circuitry includes solid state switching components and circuitry adapted and arranged to quickly open and close the circuit for controlling the HVAC function.
12. A method according to claim 8 wherein the thermostat is adapted to control HVAC systems having more than one power transformer.
13. A method according to claim 8 wherein the charging circuitry is adapted to charge the battery such that longer cycle life is preferred over higher charge capacity.
14. A method according to claim 13 wherein the charging circuitry is adapted to charge the battery to a final float voltage of less than about 4.1V.
15. A method according to claim 14 wherein the charging circuitry is adapted to charge the battery to a final float voltage of between about 3.9V and 4.0V.
16. A thermostat according to claim 1 wherein the HVAC function is heating or cooling.