Electrical devices containing carbon nanotube-infused fibers and methods for production thereof
Electrical devices containing continuous fibers that are infused with carbon nanotubes are described herein. The electrical devices contain at least a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer, where the first and second electrode layers each contain a plurality of continuous fibers that are infused with carbon nanotubes. In some embodiments, the electrical devices can be supercapacitors, further containing at least a base plate, a layer of separator material disposed between the first and second electrode layers, and an electrolyte in contact with the first and second electrode layers. The first and second electrode layers can be formed by conformal winding of the continuous fibers. The electrical devices can contain any number of additional electrode layers, each being separated from one another by a layer of separator material. Methods for producing the electrical devices are also described herein.
1. A electrical device comprising:
a first electrode layer; and
a second electrode layer;
wherein the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer comprise adjacent windings of a plurality of continuous fibers, infused with carbon nanotubes, wound about a base plate.
2. The electrical device of claim 1 , further comprising:
a layer of separator material disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer;
wherein the separator material is permeable to ions of an electrolyte; and
an electrolyte in contact with the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
3. The electrical device of claim 2 , wherein the plurality of continuous fibers of the first electrode layer are conformally wound about the base plate and the plurality of continuous fibers of the second electrode layer are conformally wound about the layer of separator material.
4. The electrical device of claim 3 , wherein there is substantially no overlap of the plurality of continuous fibers in adjacent windings about the base plate and the layer of separator material.
5. The electrical device of claim 3 , further comprising:
at least one additional layer of separator material; and
at least one additional electrode layer comprising a plurality of continuous fibers that are infused with carbon nanotubes;
wherein each electrode layer is separated from one another by a layer of separator material; and
wherein the electrolyte is in contact with each electrode layer.
6. The electrical device of claim 5 , further comprising:
an outer insulator casing.
7. The electrical device of claim 2 , wherein the base plate, the first electrode layer, the second electrode layer, and the layer of separator material reside in a reservoir of the electrolyte.
8. The electrical device of claim 2 , further comprising:
a first electrode terminal connected to the plurality of continuous fibers of the first electrode layer; and
a second electrode terminal connected to the plurality of continuous fibers of the second electrode layer.
9. The electrical device of claim 8 , wherein the first electrode terminal and the second electrode terminal are located on the base plate.
10. The electrical device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of continuous fibers comprise a fiber form selected from the group consisting of a fiber tow, a fiber tape, a fiber ribbon, and combinations thereof.
11. The electrical device of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of continuous fibers are substantially parallel to one another in the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.
12. The electrical device of claim 1 , wherein the continuous fibers are electrically conductive before being infused with carbon nanotubes.
13. The electrical device of claim 12 , wherein the continuous fibers comprise continuous metal fibers.
14. The electrical device of claim 12 , wherein the continuous fibers comprise continuous carbon fibers.
15. The electrical device of claim 1 , wherein the continuous fibers are electrically non-conductive before being infused with carbon nanotubes.
16. The electrical device of claim 15 , further comprising:
a conductivity enhancer associated with the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer;
wherein the conductivity enhancer comprises a metal form selected from the group consisting of metal foils, metal ribbons, metal powders, metal nanoparticles, and combinations thereof.
17. The electrical device of claim 1 , further comprising:
an outer insulator casing.
18. The electrical device of claim 17 , wherein the outer insulator casing comprises a shrink wrap material.
19. The electrical device of claim 1 , wherein the electrical device comprises a supercapacitor.
20. The electrical device of claim 19 , wherein the supercapacitor has a capacitance of at least about 1 Farad/gram of continuous fibers.
21. The electrical device of claim 20 , wherein the supercapacitor has a capacitance of at least about 2 Farad/gram of continuous fibers.
22. The electrical device of claim 1 , wherein the infused carbon nanotubes are substantially perpendicular to the surface of the continuous fibers.
23. The electrical device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises an inorganic electrolyte.
24. The electrical device of claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises an organic electrolyte.