Use of maleimide salts to control phytopathogenic fungi

1. A method of controlling phytopathogenic fungi, comprising applying a composition containing at least one compound of formula (I)

in which

(a) Y 1 is the group of the formula (II)

Y 2 is the group of the formula (III)

m is 1, n is the ionic charge of X, and

X is an anion selected from Cl − or Br − ,

(b) Y 1 is the group of the formula (II)

Y 2 is —S − ,

and m is 0,

or (c) Y 1 is —S − ,

Y 2 is —S − ,

m is 1, n is the ionic charge of X, and

X is a cation selected from H + , Ag + , Co 2+ , Cu 2+ , Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Pd 2+ , Zn 2+ , and

R 1 is hydrogen; C 1 -C 8 -alkyl optionally substituted with one or more identical or different halogen, —OR 10 , or —COR 11 ; C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or C 3 -C 7 -cyclo-alkyl-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more identical or different halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, or C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl; or aryl, aryl-(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl), or arylsulphonylamino, each of which is optionally substituted in the aryl moiety with one or more identical or different halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, —COR 11 , or sulphonylamino,

R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 independently of one another are hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, or phenyl or benzyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more identical or different halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, or C 1 -C 4 -alkylthio,

R 10 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl, or aryl which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, or C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, and

R 11 is hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy

to the fungi, their habitat, or a combination thereof.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein

R 1 hydrogen; C 1 -C 6 -alkyl optionally substituted with one or more identical or different fluorine, chlorine, bromine, —OR 10 , or —COR 11 ; C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more identical or different chlorine, methyl, or trifluoromethyl; or phenyl, phenyl-(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl), or phenylsulphonylamino, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more identical or different fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, trifluoromethyl, —COR 11 , or sulphonylamino,

R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 independently of one another are hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, phenyl, or benzyl,

R 10 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, methylcarbonyl, or ethylcarbonyl, or phenyl which is optionally substituted with one or more fluorine, chlorine, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, or trifluoromethyl, and

R 11 is hydroxyl, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, or ethoxy;

with the proviso that

if X is an anion, then X is Cl − ; and

if X is a cation, then X is H + , Ag + , Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , or Zn 2+ .

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein

R 1 is hydrogen; C 1 -C 5 -alkyl optionally substituted with one or more identical or different fluorine, chlorine, hydroxyl, methoxy, ethoxy, methylcarbonyloxy, or carboxyl; cyclopropylmethyl or C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl optionally substituted with one or more identical or different chlorine, methyl, or trifluoromethyl; or phenyl, benzyl, 1-phenethyl, 2-phenethyl, or 2-methyl-2-phenethyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one to three identical or different fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methyl, trifluoromethyl, —COR 11 , or sulphonylamino,

R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 independently of one another are hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, isobutyl, sec-butyl, or tert-butyl,

R 10 is hydrogen, methyl, methylcarbonyl, or phenyl, and

R 11 is hydroxyl or methoxy;

with the proviso that

if X is an anion, then X is Cl − ;

if X is a cation, then X is Ag + , Mn 2+ , or Zn 2+ .

4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising one or more extenders, surface-active substances, or a combination thereof.

5. A compound of formula (IV)

in which

R 1a is hydrogen; C 1 -C 8 -alkyl optionally substituted with one or more identical or different halogen, —OR 10a , or —COR 11a ; C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or C 3 -C 7 -cyclo-alkyl-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more identical or different halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, or C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl; or aryl, aryl-(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl), or arylsulphonylamino, each of which is optionally substituted in the aryl moiety with one or more identical or different halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, —COR 11a , or sulphonylamino,

R 2a , R 3a , R 4a , R 5a , R 6a , R 7a , R 8a , and R 9a independently of one another are hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, or phenyl or benzyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more identical or different halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, or C 1 -C 4 -alkylthio,

R 10a is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl, or aryl which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, or C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl,

R 11a is hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy,

m is 1, n is the ionic charge of X a , and

X a is an anion selected from Cl − or Br − ,

with the proviso that if R 1a is hydrogen, methyl, hydroxymethyl, methylcarbonyloxymethyl, chloromethyl, benzyl, phenyl, or methoxymethyl and X a is Cl − , then R 2a , R 3a , R 4a , and R 5a are not all simultaneously hydrogen.

6. A compound of formula (V)

in which

R 1b is hydrogen; C 1 -C 8 -alkyl optionally substituted with one or more identical or different halogen, —OR 10b or —COR 11b ; C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more identical or different halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, or C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl; or aryl, aryl-(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl), or arylsulphonylamino, each of which is optionally substituted in the aryl moiety with one or more identical or different halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, —COR 11b , or sulphonylamino,

R 2b , R 3b , R 4b , and R 5b independently of one another are hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, or phenyl or benzyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more identical or different halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, or C 1 -C 4 -alkylthio,

R 10b is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl, or aryl which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, or C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, and

R 11b is hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy,

with the proviso that if R 1b is hydrogen, methyl, hydroxymethyl, methylcarbonyloxymethyl, chloromethyl, benzyl, phenyl, or methoxymethyl, then R 2b , R 3b , R 4b , and R 5b are not all simultaneously hydrogen.

7. A compound of formula (VI)

in which

R 11c is hydrogen; C 1 -C 8 -alkyl optionally substituted with one or more identical or different halogen, —OR 10c , or —COR 11c ; C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl or C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl, each of which is optionally substituted with one or more identical or different halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, or C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl; or aryl, aryl-(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl), or arylsulphonylamino, each of which is optionally substituted in the aryl moiety with one or more identical or different halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, —COR 11c , or sulphonylamino,

R 10c is hydrogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl, or aryl which is optionally substituted with one or more halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, or C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl,

R 11c is hydroxyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, or C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy,

m is 1, n is the ionic charge of X c , and

X c is a cation selected from Ag + , Co 2+ , Fe 2+ , Mn 2+ , Ni 2+ , Pd 2+ and Zn 2+ ,

with the proviso that if R 1c is hydrogen, methyl, hydroxymethyl, methylcarbonyloxymethyl, chloromethyl, benzyl, phenyl, or methoxymethyl, then X c is not Ag + .