Method of improving wear and corrosion resistance of rod control cluster assemblies
View Patent ↗The present invention relates to tubular elements, such as fuel assembly tubes, which are designed to be used in high pressure and high temperature water in nuclear reactors, such as pressurized water nuclear reactors. In particular, the present invention relates to a method of improving wear resistance and corrosion resistance by depositing a protective coating having a depth of from about 5 to about 25 μm on the surface of the tubular elements. The coating is provided by nitriding the tubular element at a temperature of from about 400° C. to about 440° C. The nitridation of the tubular element can be carried out for a duration of from about 12 hours to about 40 hours.
1. A method of treating an outer surface of a tubular element to form a treatment layer for a water-cooled nuclear reactor, comprising the steps of:
providing said tubular element to be treated, said tabular element constructed of a material selected from the group consisting of stainless steel and stainless steel-containing materials;
maintaining said tubular element in an atmosphere under pressure, said atmosphere containing gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, hydrogen and mixtures thereof;
providing an electric discharge in said atmosphere for generating nitrogen ions; nitriding at least a portion of the outer surface of said tubular element to a depth of from about 5 to about 25 μm, said nitriding carried out at a temperature of from about 400° C. to about 440° C.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said water-cooled nuclear reactor is a pressurized water nuclear reactor.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said nitriding is carried out for a duration of from about 12 to about 40 hours.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein said tubular element is selected from the group consisting of a control rod, a rod control cluster assembly, and a guide thimble tube.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said tubular element is a tube in the spent fuel pool of said water-cooled nuclear reactor.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said gas is a mixture of nitrogen and hydrogen.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the composition of said stainless steel-containing materials comprise stainless steel, nickel and chromium.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said depth is from about 5 μm to about 20 μm.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said pressure of said atmosphere is from about 30 to about 150 Pascals.
10. The method of claim 1 , further comprising the steps of:
maintaining in an atmosphere under pressure said tubular element having a nitrided layer deposited on said outer surface; and
providing a plasma in said atmosphere, said plasma containing active oxygen ions for oxidizing at least a portion of said nitrided layer.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said treatment layer has a micro-hardness of from about 1150 to about 1650 KHN.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said treatment layer has a micro-hardness of from about 1169 to 1610 KHN.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein said depth is from about 8 μm to about 15 μm.
14. A system for treating an outer surface of a tubular element for a water-cooled nuclear reactor, comprising a sealed enclosure having an atmosphere which contains gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, hydrogen, and mixtures thereof, said sealed enclosure comprising a framework to receive said tubular element and a generator to create an electric discharge to generate active nitrogen ions which are implanted by ionic bombardment on at least a portion of the outer surface of the tubular element to form a treatment layer, wherein said sealed enclosure is maintained at a temperature of from about 400° C. to about 440° C. and said treatment layer has a depth of from about 5 to about 25 μm.
15. The system of claim 14 , wherein the tubular element is subjected to ionic bombardment of the active nitrogen ions for a duration of from about 12 to about 40 hours.
16. A method of treating an outer surface of a tubular element to improve wear resistance and corrosion resistance in a water-cooled nuclear reactor, comprising the steps of:
cleaning said tubular element;
providing said tubular element in a sealed enclosure; and
nitriding said tubular element in said sealed enclosure in an atmosphere containing gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, hydrogen, and mixtures thereof, at a temperature of from about 400° C. to about 440° C. to form a treatment layer on at least a portion of the outer surface of said tubular element, said treatment layer having a depth of from about 5 to about 25 μm, wherein the treatment layer comprises nitrogen ions implanted into at least a portion of the outer surface of the tubular element.
17. The method of claim 16 , further comprising oxidizing at least a portion of the coating formed by said nitriding, comprising the steps of scavenging said enclosure, generating a plasma containing active oxygen ions; and contacting said tubular element with said oxygen ions for at least partial oxidation of said coating formed by said nitriding.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein said nitriding is carried out for a duration of from about 12 to about 40 hours.