Conductive Polymer Foams, Method of Manufacture, and Articles Thereof

1 - 20 . (canceled)

21 . A polymer foam composite comprising

a polymer foam having a first surface and an opposite second surface, and

electrically conductive, magnetic particles aligned into mutually isolated chains between the first surface and the opposite second surface of the foam;

wherein the foam has

a density of about 1 to about 125 pounds per cubic foot;

a volume resistivity of about 10 −3 ohm-cm to about 10 3 ohm-cm at a pressure of 60 pounds per square inch.

22 . The polymer foam composite of claim 21 , wherein the cells have an average diameter between about 65 to about 1000 micrometers.

23 . The polymer foam composite of claim 21 , wherein ends of the mutually isolated chains at the first and second surfaces are at least partially exposed.

24 . The polymer foam composite of claim 21 , wherein the polymer foam composite has an electrically conductive layer disposed on and in contact with a first surface thereof.

25 . A method of manufacturing the polymer foam composite of claim 21 , the method comprising:

forming an article having a first surface and an opposite second surface from a precursor composition, the precursor composition comprising

a polymer foam precursor composition, and

a filler composition comprising a plurality of magnetic, electrically conductive particles;

foaming the precursor composition to form a plurality of cells in precursor composition;

applying a magnetic field to the foamed precursor composition, wherein the magnetic field is of a strength and applied for a time effective to align the electrically conductive, magnetic particles into mutually isolated chains between the first surface and the opposite second surface of the article; and

solidifying the polymer foam precursor composition to provide the polymer foam.

26 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the foaming is substantially complete prior to applying the magnetic field.

27 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the foaming is by mechanical foaming prior to forming the article.

28 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the solidifying is after aligning the electrically conductive metal particles into the mutually isolated chains.

29 . The method of claim 25 , further comprising removing an amount of the first and/or second surface of the solidified foam sufficient to at least partially expose the ends of the mutually isolated chains.

30 . The method of claim 25 , wherein the article is a layer, and forming the article comprises casting the polymer foam precursor composition onto a first carrier, wherein the first surface is disposed on and in contact with the first carrier.

31 . The method of claim 30 , further comprising removing the first carrier to remove an amount of the first surface of the solidified foam sufficient to at least partially expose the ends of the mutually isolated chains.

32 . The method of claim 30 , further comprising disposing a second carrier onto the second surface of the layer.

33 . The method of claim 32 , further comprising removing the first and the second carrier to expose an amount of the first and second surface of the solidified foam sufficient to at least partially expose the ends of the mutually isolated chains.

34 . The method of claim 30 , wherein the first carrier is electrically conductive.

35 . The method of claim 30 , wherein the first carrier is magnetic, or magnetic and electrically conductive.

36 . A method of manufacturing the polymer foam composite of claim 21 , the method comprising:

mechanically foaming a precursor composition to form a plurality of cells in the precursor composition, wherein the precursor composition comprises:

a polymer foam precursor composition, and

a filler composition comprising a plurality of magnetic, electrically conductive particles;

forming an article having a first surface and an opposite second surface from the mechanically foamed precursor composition;

applying a magnetic field of a strength and for a time effective to align the magnetic, electrically conductive particles into mutually isolated chains between the first surface and the opposite second surface of the article, wherein the foaming is substantially complete prior to complete alignment of the magnetic, electrically conductive particles; and

curing the polymer precursor composition to provide the polymer foam composite.

37 . The method of claim 36 , wherein the foaming is substantially complete prior to applying the magnetic field;

38 . The method of claim 36 , wherein the curing is after aligning the electrically conductive metal particles into the mutually isolated chains.

39 . The method of claim 36 , further comprising removing an amount of the first and/or second surface of the solidified foam sufficient to at least partially expose the ends of the mutually isolated chains.

40 . The method of claim 36 , wherein the article is a layer, and forming the article comprises casting the foamed precursor composition onto a first carrier, wherein the first surface is disposed on and in contact with the first carrier.

41 . The method of claim 40 , further comprising removing the first carrier to remove an amount of the first surface of the solidified foam sufficient to at least partially expose the ends of the mutually isolated chains.

42 . The method of claim 40 , further comprising disposing a second carrier onto the second surface of the layer.

43 . The method of claim 42 , further comprising removing the first and the second carrier to expose an amount of the first and second surface of the solidified foam sufficient to at least partially expose the ends of the mutually isolated chains.

44 . A method of manufacturing the polymer foam composite of claim 21 , the method comprising:

forming an article having a first surface and an opposite second surface from a precursor composition, the precursor composition comprising

a polymer foam precursor composition, and

a filler composition comprising a plurality of magnetic, electrically conductive particles;

foaming the precursor composition to form a plurality of cells in precursor composition;

applying a magnetic field to the foamed precursor composition, wherein the magnetic field is of a strength and applied for a time effective to align the electrically conductive, magnetic particles into mutually isolated chains between the first surface and the opposite second surface of the article; and

solidifying the polymer foam precursor composition; and

removing an amount of the first and/or second surface of the solidified foam sufficient to at least partially expose the ends of the mutually isolated chains, to provide the polymer foam composite.

45 . The method of claim 44 , further comprising removing an amount of the first and/or second surface of the solidified foam sufficient to at least partially expose the ends of the mutually isolated chains.

46 . The method of claim 44 , wherein the article is a layer, and forming the article comprises casting the polymer foam precursor composition onto a first carrier, wherein the first surface is disposed on and in contact with the first carrier.

47 . The method of claim 46 , further comprising removing the first carrier to remove an amount of the first surface of the solidified foam sufficient to at least partially expose the ends of the mutually isolated chains.

48 . The method of claim 46 , further comprising disposing a second carrier onto the second surface of the layer.

49 . The method of claim 48 , further comprising removing the first and the second carrier to expose an amount of the first and second surface of the solidified foam sufficient to at least partially expose the ends of the mutually isolated chains.

50 . A method of manufacturing the foam composite of claim 21 , wherein the foam is a silicone foam, the method comprising:

casting a mixture comprising a polysiloxane polymer having hydride substituents, a catalyst, and a filler composition comprising a plurality of magnetic, electrically conductive particles; to form a layer having a first surface and an opposite second surface;

foaming the mixture;

curing the mixture in an applied magnetic field to align the magnetic, electrically conductive particles into mutually isolated chains that essentially continuously span the foam between a first surface and a second opposite surface of the foam; and

removing an amount of the first and/or second surface of the cured foam sufficient to at least partially expose the ends of the mutually isolated chains, to produce the silicone foam composite.

51 . The method of claim 50 , wherein the foaming is substantially complete prior to applying the magnetic field.

52 . The method of claim 50 , wherein the curing is after aligning the electrically conductive metal particles into the mutually isolated chains.

53 . The method of claim 50 , further comprising removing an amount of the first and/or second surface of the solidified foam sufficient to at least partially expose the ends of the mutually isolated chains.

54 . The method of claim 50 , wherein the article is a layer, and forming the article comprises casting the polymer foam precursor composition onto a first carrier, wherein the first surface is disposed on and in contact with the first carrier.

55 . The method of claim 54 , further comprising removing the first carrier to remove an amount of the first surface of the solidified foam sufficient to at least partially expose the ends of the mutually isolated chains.

56 . The method of claim 54 , further comprising disposing a second carrier onto the second surface of the layer.

57 . The method of claim 54 , further comprising removing the first and the second carrier to expose an amount of the first and second surface of the solidified foam sufficient to at least partially expose the ends of the mutually isolated chains.