Process for increasing the dry strength of paper, board and cardboard
Process for the production of paper, board and cardboard having high dry strength by addition of at least one water-soluble (a) polymer comprising vinylamine units and at least one (b) polymer comprising ethylenimine units and at least one water-soluble polymeric anionic compound to a paper stock, draining of the paper stock with sheet formation and drying of the paper products, the water-soluble cationic polymers (a) and (b) being metered in any sequence or as a mixture into a paper stock, and papers which are obtainable by this process.
1. A process for producing paper, board or cardboard, comprising:
adding at least one water-soluble cationic polymer and at least one water-soluble polymeric anionic compound to a paper stock;
draining the paper stock with formation of a sheet;
drying the sheet; and,
wherein the water-soluble cationic polymer comprises
(a) a polymer comprising a vinylamine and
(b) a polymer comprising an ethylenimine,
wherein the water-soluble polymeric anionic compound carries at least one acid group or a salt thereof selected from the group consisting of a carboxyl group, a sulfo group and a phosphonic acid group,
wherein the water-soluble polymeric anionic compound has a charge density of >0.5 meg/g, and
wherein the addition metering of the water-soluble cationic polymer is effected by adding the polymer comprising a vinylamine and the polymer comprising an ethylenimine individually in sequence or a mixture thereof into the paper stock.
2. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprising vinylamine is obtained
by polymerizing at least one monomer of the formula
wherein R 1 , R 2 are H or C 1 - to C 6 -alkyl,
and subsequently eliminating partially or completely the —CO—R 1 group from the monomer (I) incorporated in a polymerized form into a polymer with formation of an amino group
and/or
by Hofmann degradation of a polymer which has an acrylamide and/or a methacrylamide.
3. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprising vinylamine is obtained polymerizing
(i) at least one monomer of the formula
wherein R 1 , R 2 are H or C 1 - to C 6 -alkyl,
(ii) at least one monoethylenically unsaturated monomer and,
(iii) at least one crosslinking monomer having at least two double bonds, and subsequently eliminating partially or completely the —CO—R 1 group from the monomer (I) incorporated in a polymerized form into a polymer with formation of an amino group.
4. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprising vinylamine is obtained polymerizing
(i) at least one monomer of the formula
wherein R 1 , R 2 are H or C 1 - to C 6 -alkyl,
(ii,a) at least one second monomer selected from the group consisting of
a monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid,
a monoethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid,
a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms,
an alkali metal salt of the monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid,
an alkali metal salt of the monoethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid,
an alkali metal salt of the monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms,
an alkaline earth metal salt of the monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid,
an alkaline earth metal salt of the monoethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid,
an alkaline earth metal salt of the monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms,
an ammonium salt of the monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid,
an ammonium salt of the monoethylenically unsaturated phosphonic acid, and
an ammonium salt of the monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid having 3 to 8 carbon atoms,
optionally (ii,b) at least one neutral and/or one cationic monomer and,
optionally (iii) at least one crosslinking monomer having at least two double bonds and subsequently eliminating partially or completely the —CO—R 1 group from the monomer of the formula (I) which is incorporated a polymerized form into a polymer with formation of an amino group,
wherein the content of the amino group in the polymer is at least 5 mol% above the content of an acid group of the monomer (ii,a) which is incorporated in a polymerized form.
5. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprising vinylamine is obtained by polymerizing a N-vinylformamide and subsequently eliminating a formyl group from a vinylformamide incorporated in a polymerized form into a polymer with formation of an amino group.
6. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprising vinylamine is obtained by polymerizing
(i) vinylformamide and
(ii) acrylonitrile
and subsequently eliminating a formyl group from a vinylformamide incorporated in a polymerized form into the polymer with formation of an amino group.
7. The process according to claim 4 , wherein the polymer comprising vinylamine is obtained by copolymerizing
(i) a N-vinylformamide,
(ii,a) an acrylic acid, a methacrylic acid and/or an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal or an ammonium salt thereof and
(ii,b) an acrylonitrile and/or a methacrylonitrile
and subsequently eliminating partially or completely a formyl group from the N-vinylformamide incorporated in a polymerized form into a polymer with formation of an amino group,
wherein the content of the amino group in the copolymer is at least 5 mol% above the content of an acid group of the monomer (ii,a) which is incorporated in a form of polymerized unit.
8. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprising vinylamine is obtained by
Hofmann degradation of homo- or copolymers of a acrylamide or of a methacrylamide in an aqueous medium in the presence of a sodium hydroxide solution and a sodium hypochlorite and
decarboxylating a carbamate group in the presence of an acid.
9. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polymer comprising ethylenimine comprises at least one water-soluble cationic polymer from the group consisting of
a homopolymer of ethylenimine,
a polyethylenimine reacted with at least bifunctional crosslinking agent,
a polyamidoamine which has been grafted with an ethylenimine and reacted with at least bifunctional crosslinking agent,
a reaction product of a polyethylenimine with a monobasic carboxylic acid to give an amidated polyethylenimine,
a Michael adduct of a polyethylenimine with an ethylenically unsaturated acid, salt, ester, amide, or a nitrile of a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid,
a phosphonomethylated polyethylenimine,
a carboxylated polyethylenimine, and
an alkoxylated polyethylenimine.
10. The process according to claim 9 , wherein the polymer comprising ethylenimine comprises a homopolymer of an ethylenimine and/or a polyamidoamine grafted with an ethylenimine and subsequently reacted with a bifunctional crosslinking agent.
11. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the polymeric anionic compound comprises at least one water-soluble compound selected from the group consisting of
a polyacrylic acid,
a polymethacrylic acid,
a copolymer of acrylamide and an acrylic acid,
a copolymer of an N-vinylformamide and an acrylic acid,
a hydrolyzed copolymer of an N-vinylformamide and acrylic acid,
a salt of the polyacrylic acid,
a salt of the polymethacrylic acid,
a salt of the copolymer of acrylamide and the acrylic acid, and
a salt of the hydrolyzed copolymer of the N-vinylformamide and acrylic acid.
12. A paper which is obtained by the processes of claim 1 .
13. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble polymeric anionic compound carries at least one carboxyl group or a salt thereof.
14. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble polymeric anionic compound carries at least one sulfo group or a salt thereof.
15. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble polymeric anionic compound carries at least one phosphonic acid group or a salt thereof.
16. The process according to claim 1 , wherein the water-soluble polymeric anionic compound contains units derived from the polymerization of
at least one monoethylenically unsaturated sulfonic acid, phosphonic acid or phosphoric acid ester, and
at least one monoethlenically unsaturated mono-or dicarboxylic acid a salt thereof or a dicarboxylic anhydride.