Transgenic non-human animals expressing human blood clotting factors and uses thereof

1. A transgenic mouse having a genome comprising a human transgene polynucleotide sequence encoding a human Factor VIII blood clotting factor, wherein the polynucleotide sequence is operably linked to a promoter polynucleotide sequence, wherein the mouse does not express all or part of a polynucleotide encoding an endogenous mouse Factor VIII, wherein the mouse also comprises in its genome a human major histocompatibility class II gene in place of a major histocompatibility class II gene endogenous to the transgenic mouse, and wherein the mouse is tolerant to administration of the exogenous human Factor VIII.

2. The transgenic mouse of claim 1 , wherein the polynucleotide sequence comprises a poly A polynucleotide sequence.

3. A transgenic mouse comprising a transgene polynucleotide sequence encoding a human Factor VIII blood clotting factor, said human Factor VIII having physiological activity of the human Factor VIII, said transgenic mouse having in its genome an exogenous transgene construct comprising:

(a) transcriptional regulatory polynucleotide sequences,

(b) DNA encoding said human Factor VIII, and

(c) a polyadenylation signal,

wherein (A), (B) and (C) are operably linked in said exogenous gene construct to obtain production of said human Factor VIII in said transgenic mouse, wherein the mouse does not express all or part of a polynucleotide encoding an endogenous mouse factor VIII, and wherein the genome of the transgenic mouse also comprises a polynucleotide encoding a human major histocompatibility class II gene in place of the a major histocompatibility class II gene endogenous to the transgenic mouse, and wherein the mouse is tolerant to administration of the exogenous human Factor VIII.

4. The transgenic mouse of claim 3 , wherein the transcriptional regulatory polynucleotide sequences are selected from the group consisting of 5′ transcriptional regulatory polynucleotide sequences, 3′ transcriptional regulatory polynucleotide sequences, internal transcriptional regulatory polynucleotide sequences, and combinations thereof.

5. A method of producing a transgenic mouse comprising a polynucleotide transgene encoding a human Factor VIII blood clotting factor comprising:

a) introducing a polynucleotide sequence encoding said human Factor VIII into the genome of a mouse lacking the endogenous mouse Factor VIII gene to provide a transgenic mouse whose genome comprises a polynucleotide encoding human Factor VIII and does not comprise in its genome the endogenous mouse Factor VIII gene; and

b) introducing a polynucleotide sequence encoding an human major histocompatibility class II gene into the genome of the mouse resulting from step (a) to replace all or part of a major histocompatibility class II gene endogenous to the mouse.

6. The transgenic mouse of claim 1 , wherein the mouse is homozygous for said human Factor VIII transgene.

7. The transgenic mouse of claim 1 , wherein the mouse is heterozygous for said human Factor VIII transgene.

8. A method for producing a transgenic mouse comprising a polynucleotide encoding a human Factor VIII blood clotting factor comprising:

a) providing a polynucleotide sequence encoding a human Factor VIII blood clotting factor and a positive selectable marker gene, said marker gene flanked by loxP sites;

b) introducing said polynucleotide sequence into an embryonic stem cell from the same animal species as said mouse under conditions such that said polynucleotide sequence is homologously recombined into a genomic locus of said embryonic stem cell to produce an embryonic stem cell containing a polynucleotide encoding a human Factor VIII and said selectable marker gene;

c) injecting said homologously recombined embryonic stem cell into a blastocyst of said mouse;

d) introducing said injected blastocyst into a pseudo-pregnant female mouse; and

e) permitting said pseudo-pregnant female mouse to deliver one or more transgenic mice containing said homologously recombined DNA sequence, wherein said one or more transgenic mice express said human Factor VIII,

wherein the method further comprises introducing a polynucleotide sequence encoding a human major histocompatibility class II gene into the genomic DNA of the mouse, said polynucleotide sequence encoding a human major histocompatibility class II gene replacing all or part of a major histocompatibility class II gene endogenous to the transgenic mouse such that the transgenic mouse does not express its endogenous major histocompatibility class II gene.

9. An experimental mouse model that is a transgenic mouse comprising a transgene encoding human Factor VIII in its genome, wherein the mouse does not generate a significant antibody titer against human Factor VIII when human Factor VIII is administered, wherein the mouse does not express all or part of a polynucleotide encoding an endogenous mouse Factor VIII gene, wherein the genome of the transgenic mouse also comprises a polynucleotide encoding a human major histocompatibility class II gene in place of the major histocompatibility class II gene endogenous to the transgenic mouse.

10. The mouse model of claim 9 , which is an experimental animal model for acquired hemophilia A or hemophilia B.

11. The transgenic mouse of claim 1 , wherein the promoter is selected from the group consisting of a liver-specific promoter, a muscle-specific promoter, a pancreatic-specific promoter, a neural-specific promoter, an endothelial cell-specific promoter, a smooth muscle-cell specific promoter, a tyrosinase-specific promoter, a blood clotting factor promoter, an adipose tissue promoter and an inducible promoter.