High work function transparent conductors
View Patent ↗There is provided a transparent conductor including conductive nanoparticles and at least one of (a) a fluorinated acid polymer and (b) a semiconductive polymer doped with a fluorinated acid polymer. The nanoparticles are carbon nanoparticles, metal nanoparticles, or combinations thereof. The carbon and metal nanoparticles are selected from nanotubes, fullerenes, and nanofibers. The acid polymers are fluorinated or highly fluorinated and have acidic groups including carboxylic acid groups, sulfonic acid groups, sulfonimide groups, phosphoric acid groups, phosphonic acid groups, and combinations thereof. The semiconductive polymers comprise homopolymers and copolymers derived from monomers selected from substituted and unsubstituted thiophenes, pyrroles, anilines, and cyclic heteroaromatics, and combinations of those. The compositions may be used in organic electronic devices (OLEDs).
1. A transparent conductor having a work function greater than 4.7 eV consisting of conductive nanoparticles and a fluorinated acid polymer, wherein the fluorinated acid polymer has a backbone which is a polyolefin.
2. A transparent conductor of claim 1 wherein the nanoparticles are selected from carbon and metal nanoparticles and combinations thereof.
3. A transparent conductor of claim 2 wherein the nanoparticles are selected from nanotubes, fullerenes, and nanofibers, and combinations thereof.
4. A transparent conductor of claim 1 wherein the fluorinated acid polymer backbone is fluorinated.
5. A transparent conductor of claim 4 wherein the fluorinated acid polymer has fluorinated pendant groups which include ether sulfonate.
6. A transparent conductor of claim 1 wherein the fluorinated acid polymer comprises one or more independently substituted or unsubstituted monomers selected from perfluoroalkyl sulfonate ethers.
7. A transparent conductor having a work function greater than 4.7 eV consisting of conductive nanoparticles, a fluorinated acid polymer of claim 1 and a second polymer, the second polymer consisting of one or more independently substituted or unsubstituted monomers selected from alkenyls, alkynyls, arylenes, and heteroarylenes.
8. A transparent conductor of claim 7 wherein the independently substituted or unsubstituted monomers are selected from fluorene, oxadiazoles, thiadiazoles, benzothiadiazoles, phenylenevinylenes, phenyleneethynylenes, pyridine, diazines, and triazines, including combinations thereof.
9. An electronic device comprising a transparent conductor of claim 1 .
10. An electronic device of claim 9 comprising an anode layer, wherein the anode layer comprises the transparent conductor.
11. A transparent conductor of claim 1 , wherein the fluorinated acid polymer has Formula (XV)
where j≧0, k≧0 and 4≧(j+k)≦199, Q 1 and Q 2 are F or H, R f 2 is F or a perfluoroalkyl radical having 1-10 carbon atoms either unsubstituted or substituted by one or more ether oxygen atoms, h=0 or 1, i=0 to 3, g=0 or 1, and E 4 is H or an alkali metal.