Computationally-efficient equalization in polmux OFDM transmission with direct detection via joint transmitter and receiver processing
View Patent ↗A method for joint transmitter and receiver processing for computationally efficient equalization in polarization multiplexed (POLMUX) optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) transmission with direct detection.
1. A computer implemented method for joint transmitter and receiver processing for computationally efficient equalization in polarization multiplexed (POLMUX) optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexed (OFDM) transmission with direct detection said method characterized by the steps of:
by a computer:
identifying a channel estimation matrix structure wherein the channel estimation matrix structure is classified as belonging to one or more of the structures in the group consisting of:
[
c
XX
′
a
XX
′
c
YX
′
a
YX
′
c
YX
′
a
XX
′
c
XX
′
a
YX
′
c
XY
′
a
XY
′
c
YY
′
a
YY
′
c
YY
′
a
XY
′
c
XY
′
a
YY
′
c
YX
′
a
XX
′
c
XX
′
a
YX
′
c
XX
′
a
XX
′
c
YX
′
a
YX
′
c
YY
′
a
XY
′
c
XY
′
a
YY
′
c
XY
′
a
XY
′
c
YY
′
a
YY
′
]
︸
B
-
S
Channel
Estimation
Matrix
×
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
︸
Tx
Signals
+
v
=
[
S
X
′
,
i
S
Y
′
,
i
S
X
′
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
′
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
︸
Re
Signals
=
y
[
c
XX
′
a
XX
′
c
YX
′
a
YX
′
c
YX
′
a
XX
′
c
XX
′
a
YX
′
c
XY
′
a
XY
′
c
YY
′
a
YY
′
c
YY
′
a
XY
′
c
XY
′
a
YY
′
c
YX
′
a
XX
′
c
XX
′
a
YX
′
c
XX
′
a
XX
′
c
YX
′
a
YX
′
c
YY
′
a
XY
′
c
XY
′
a
YY
′
c
XY
′
a
XY
′
c
YY
′
a
YY
′
]
︸
B
-
S
Channel
Estimation
Matrix
×
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
︸
Tx
Signals
+
v
=
[
S
X
′
,
i
S
Y
′
,
i
S
X
′
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
′
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
︸
Re
Signals
=
y
[
c
XX
′
a
XX
′
c
YX
′
a
YX
′
c
YX
′
a
XX
′
c
XX
′
a
YX
′
c
YX
′
a
YX
′
c
XX
′
a
XX
′
c
XX
′
a
YX
′
c
YX
′
a
XX
′
c
YX
′
a
XX
′
c
XX
′
a
YX
′
c
XX
′
a
XX
′
c
YX
′
a
YX
′
c
XX
′
a
YX
′
c
YX
′
a
XX
′
c
YX
′
a
YX
′
c
XX
′
a
XX
′
]
︸
Polarization
Symmetric
B
-
S
Real
Channel
Estimation
Matrix
×
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
︸
Tx
Signals
+
v
=
[
S
X
′
,
i
S
Y
′
,
i
S
X
′
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
′
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
︸
Re
Signals
=
y
and
[
c
XX
′
a
XX
′
(
i
)
ⅇ
jθ
c
YX
′
a
YX
′
(
i
)
ⅇ
-
jθ
-
c
YX
′
a
YX
′
(
N
-
i
+
1
)
ⅇ
-
j
(
θ
+
δ
)
-
c
XX
′
a
YX
′
(
N
-
i
+
1
)
ⅇ
j
(
θ
+
δ
)
c
XY
′
a
XY
′
(
i
)
ⅇ
jθ
c
YY
′
a
YY
′
(
i
)
ⅇ
-
jθ
c
YY
′
a
XY
′
(
N
-
i
+
1
)
ⅇ
-
j
(
θ
+
δ
)
c
XY
′
a
YY
′
(
N
-
i
+
1
)
ⅇ
j
(
θ
+
δ
)
-
c
YX
′
a
XX
′
(
i
)
ⅇ
-
j
(
φ
+
δ
)
-
c
XX
′
a
YX
′
(
i
)
ⅇ
j
(
φ
+
δ
)
c
XX
′
a
XX
′
(
N
-
i
+
1
)
ⅇ
jφ
c
YX
′
a
YX
′
(
N
-
i
+
1
)
ⅇ
-
jφ
c
YY
′
a
XY
′
(
i
)
ⅇ
-
j
(
φ
+
δ
)
|
c
XY
′
a
YY
′
(
i
)
ⅇ
j
(
φ
+
δ
)
c
XY
′
a
XY
′
(
N
-
i
+
1
)
ⅇ
jφ
c
YY
′
a
YY
′
(
N
-
i
+
1
)
ⅇ
-
jφ
]
︸
Generalized
B
-
S
Channel
Estimation
Matrix
×
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
︸
Tx
Signals
+
v
=
[
S
X
′
,
i
S
Y
′
,
i
S
X
′
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
′
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
︸
Re
Signals
=
y
and
exploiting the identified structure through the use of transmitter and/or receiver-side processing to achieve measurable performance improvements, wherein the performance
improvement metrics include the bit error rate (BER), diversity order, and/or computational efficiency (number of operations needed to execute a task).
2. The method of claim 1 further characterized by inner encoding, with inner code rate L=1, of the form
S
1
=
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
*
S
Y
,
i
-
S
X
,
i
*
]
,
S
2
=
[
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
*
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
-
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
*
]
⇒
S
L
=
1
[
S
1
S
2
*
S
2
-
S
1
*
]
.
3. The method of claim 2 performed in a transmitter and/or receiver.
4. The method of claim 1 further characterized by inner encoding, with inner code rate L=2, of the form
S
1
=
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
*
S
Y
,
i
-
S
X
,
i
*
]
,
S
2
=
[
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
*
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
-
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
*
]
⇒
S
L
=
1
[
S
1
S
2
]
.
5. The method of claim 4 performed in a transmitter and/or receiver.
6. The method of claim 1 further characterized by inner encoding, with inner code rate L=4, of the form
D
=
1
2
[
1
1
1
-
1
]
,
E
=
D
⊗
[
1
0
0
1
]
⇒
S
L
=
4
=
E
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
.
7. The method of claim 6 performed in a transmitter and/or receiver.
8. The method of claim 1 further characterized by inner encoding, with inner code rate L=4, of the form
D
=
1
2
[
1
1
1
-
1
]
,
E
=
D
⊗
[
1
0
0
1
]
,
S
1
=
D
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
]
,
S
2
=
D
[
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
⇒
S
L
=
4
=
E
[
S
1
S
2
]
.
9. The method of claim 8 performed in a transmitter and/or receiver.
10. The method of claim 1 further characterized by inner encoding, with inner code rate L=4, of the form
D
=
1
2
[
1
1
1
-
1
]
,
Δ
=
[
ⅇ
-
j2
θ
0
0
0
0
1
0
0
0
0
ⅇ
-
j
2
φ
0
0
0
0
1
]
⇒
S
L
=
4
=
Δ
(
[
1
0
0
1
]
⊗
D
)
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
.
11. The method of claim 10 performed in a transmitter and/or receiver.
12. The method of claim 1 further characterized by inner decoding, with inner code rate L=1, of the form
Y
=
[
y
1
y
2
y
3
y
4
]
=
[
A
B
B
A
]
S
L
=
1
+
v
⇒
[
y
1
y
2
*
y
3
*
y
4
]
=
S
~
L
=
1
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
+
v
S
~
L
=
1
=
[
a
c
e
g
-
b
*
-
d
*
-
f
*
-
h
*
-
e
*
-
g
*
-
a
*
-
c
*
f
h
b
d
b
d
f
h
a
*
c
*
e
*
g
*
-
f
*
-
h
*
-
b
*
-
d
*
-
e
-
g
-
a
-
c
e
g
a
c
-
f
*
-
h
*
-
b
*
-
d
*
a
*
c
*
e
*
g
*
-
b
-
d
-
f
-
h
f
h
b
d
e
*
g
*
a
*
c
*
b
*
d
*
f
*
h
*
a
c
e
g
]
T
.
13. The method of claim 12 further characterized by four-symbol equalization of the form:
S
~
L
=
1
H
[
y
1
y
2
*
y
3
*
y
4
]
=
[
S
^
X
,
i
S
^
Y
,
i
S
^
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
^
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
.
14. The method of claim 13 performed in a transmitter and/or receiver.
15. The method of claim 1 further characterized by inner decoding, with inner code rate L=4, of the form
y
=
[
A
B
B
A
]
S
L
=
4
+
v
⇒
y
~
=
Ey
=
S
~
L
=
4
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
+
v
~
S
~
L
=
4
=
E
[
A
B
B
A
]
E
=
[
(
A
+
B
)
0
0
(
A
-
B
)
]
.
16. The method of claim 15 further characterized by four-symbol equalization realized using two separate two-symbol equalizations of the form:
[
A
+
B
]
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
]
+
v
~
1
[
A
-
B
]
[
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
+
v
~
2
.
17. The method of claim 16 performed in a transmitter and/or receiver.
18. The method of claim 1 further characterized by inner decoding, with inner code rate L=4, of the form
y
=
[
A
B
B
A
]
S
L
=
4
+
v
⇒
y
~
=
(
I
2
⊗
D
)
Ey
=
S
~
L
=
4
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
+
v
~
S
~
L
=
4
(
I
2
⊗
D
)
E
[
A
B
B
A
]
E
(
I
2
⊗
D
)
=
[
D
T
(
A
+
B
)
D
0
0
D
T
(
A
-
B
)
D
]
.
19. The method of claim 18 further characterized by four-symbol equalization realized using two separate two-symbol equalizations of the form:
[
a
+
e
+
b
+
f
0
0
a
+
e
-
b
-
f
]
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
]
+
v
~
1
[
a
-
e
+
b
-
f
0
0
a
-
e
-
b
+
f
]
[
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
+
v
~
2
.
20. The method of claim 19 performed in a transmitter and/or receiver.
21. The method of claim 1 further characterized by inner decoding, with inner code rate L=4, of the form
y
=
[
A
1
B
1
B
2
A
2
]
S
L
=
4
+
v
⇒
y
~
=
(
I
2
⊗
D
)
(
[
ⅇ
jθ
0
0
ⅇ
jφ
]
⊗
I
2
)
y
=
S
~
L
=
4
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
+
v
~
S
~
L
=
4
=
(
I
2
⊗
D
)
(
[
ⅇ
jθ
0
0
ⅇ
jφ
]
⊗
I
2
)
[
A
1
B
1
B
2
A
2
]
Δ
(
I
2
⊗
D
)
[
a
+
b
0
0
0
0
a
-
b
p
+
q
p
-
q
0
0
c
+
d
0
s
+
t
s
-
t
0
c
-
d
]
p
=
g
ⅇ
-
jδ
ⅇ
-
j
2
φ
q
=
g
ⅇ
-
jδ
ⅇ
j
2
(
θ
+
δ
)
s
=
f
ⅇ
-
j
δ
ⅇ
-
j
2
θ
t
=
f
ⅇ
-
j
δ
ⅇ
j
2
(
φ
+
δ
)
.
22. The method of claim 21 further characterized by four-symbol equalization exploiting the form:
(
D
⊗
I
2
)
[
a
+
b
0
0
0
0
a
-
b
p
+
q
p
-
q
0
0
a
+
b
0
p
+
q
p
-
q
0
a
-
b
]
(
D
⊗
I
2
)
=
[
a
+
b
0
0
0
p
+
q
a
+
b
-
b
-
q
0
0
0
0
a
+
b
0
0
0
-
p
-
q
a
-
b
-
p
+
q
]
.
23. The method of claim 22 performed in a transmitter and/or receiver.
24. The method of claim 1 wherein optical and/or electronic chromatic dispersion compensation is used in conjunction with transmitter and/or receiver side processing to identify and exploit a given channel estimation matrix structure.
25. The method of claim 1 wherein the transmit signals across one or more pairs of sub-carriers and one or more OFDM symbols constitute a codeword of a lattice code.
26. The method of claim 1 further comprising of the feedback of one or more channel estimation matrices from the receiver to the transmitter with the said feedback exploiting the structure of the channel estimation matrices and the transmit signals being responsive to the said feedback.
27. The method of claim 1 further characterized by inner decoding, with inner code rate L=2, of the form
Y
=
[
y
1
y
2
]
=
[
A
B
B
A
]
S
L
=
2
+
V
⇒
z
=
[
y
1
y
2
*
]
=
S
~
L
=
2
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
+
v
~
S
~
L
=
2
=
[
a
c
e
g
-
b
*
-
d
*
-
f
*
-
h
*
b
d
f
h
a
*
c
*
e
*
g
*
e
g
a
c
-
f
*
-
h
*
-
b
*
-
d
*
f
h
b
d
e
*
g
*
a
*
c
*
]
T
z
~
=
S
~
L
=
2
H
z
=
S
~
L
=
2
H
S
~
L
=
2
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
+
v
^
=
[
β
0
γ
0
0
β
0
γ
γ
0
β
0
0
γ
0
β
]
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
+
v
^
⇒
[
z
~
1
z
~
3
z
~
2
z
~
4
]
=
[
β
0
γ
0
0
β
0
γ
γ
0
β
0
0
γ
0
β
]
︸
G
[
S
X
,
i
S
Y
,
i
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
+
[
v
^
1
v
^
3
v
^
2
v
^
4
]
.
28. The method of claim 27 further characterized by four-symbol equalization realized using two separate two-symbol equalizations of the form:
[
z
~
1
z
~
3
]
=
[
β
γ
γ
β
]
︸
c
[
S
X
,
i
S
X
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
+
v
^
1
[
z
~
1
z
~
3
]
=
[
β
γ
γ
β
]
︸
c
[
S
Y
,
i
S
Y
,
N
-
i
+
1
]
+
v
^
2
.
29. The method of 28 performed in a transmitter and/or receiver.