Addition of endothermic fire retardants to provide near neutral pH pulp fiber webs
View Patent ↗A process in which an at least partially delignified pulp fiber web having a Kappa number of less than about 130 is treated with an aqueous endothermic fire retardant solution having a pH of about 10 or less. The treated pulp fiber web has a near neutral pH of from about 5 to about 9, and is treated with at least about 20 lbs of endothermic fire retardants per ton of the pulp fiber web, with at least about 5% of the total amount of endothermic fire retardants being added at a point prior to when the pulp fiber web is formed. Also a fire resistant pulp fiber web having a near neutral pH.
1. A process comprising the following steps:
a. providing an at least partially delignified pulp fiber web having a Kappa number of less than about 130; and
b. treating the at least partially delignified pulp fiber web with an aqueous endothermic fire retardant solution having a pH of about 10 or less and comprising at least about 10% of one or more endothermic fire retardants based on the solids in the solution;
wherein the pulp fiber web treated with the endothermic fire retardant solution has a pH of from about 5 to about 9, wherein the pulp fiber web is treated with a total amount of endothermic fire retardants from at least about 20 lbs to about 250 lbs of endothermic fire retardants per ton of the pulp fiber web, and wherein at least about 5% of the total amount of endothermic fire retardants are added at a point prior to when the pulp fiber web is formed.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pulp fiber web of step (a) has a Kappa number of less than about 50.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the pulp fiber web of step (a) comprises from about 50 to about 70% softwood pulp fibers and from about 30 to about 50% hardwood pulp fibers.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein the at least partially delignified pulp fiber web is treated in step (b) with an endothermic fire retardant solution having a pH of from about 5 to about 9.
5. The process of claim 4 , wherein the endothermic fire retardant solution of step (b) has a pH of from about 6 to about 8.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (b) is carried out by adding an initial portion of from about 5 to about 33% of the total amount of endothermic fire retardants at a point prior to when the pulp fiber web is formed, and adding a remaining portion of from about 67 to about 95% of the total amount of endothermic fire retardants at a point after the pulp fiber web is formed.
7. The process of claim 6 , wherein the remaining portion of step (b) is added after the pulp fiber web of step (a) is dried to a moisture content of about 10% or less.
8. The process of claim 7 , wherein the remaining portion of step (b) is added after the pulp fiber web of step (a) is dried to a moisture content of about 7% or less.
9. The process of claim 7 , wherein the remaining portion of step (b) is added by spraying a solution of endothermic fire retardant on the dried pulp fiber web.
10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the dried pulp fiber web of step (a) is in the form of an air-laid fibrous structure.
11. The process of claim 7 , wherein the initial portion of step (b) comprises a first type of endothermic fire retardant, and wherein the remaining portion of step (b) comprises a second type of endothermic fire retardant which is different from the first type of endothermic fire retardant.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the endothermic fire retardants of step (b) comprise one or more of: boron-containing fire retardants; aluminum ammonium sulfate; magnesium silicate; aluminum hydroxide; and mixtures of calcium magnesium carbonate and hydrated magnesium carbonate hydroxide.
13. The process of claim 12 , wherein the endothermic fire retardants of step (b) comprise one or more of: borosilicates; or aluminum ammonium sulfate.
14. The process of claim 1 , wherein step (b) is carried out by treating the pulp fiber web with other fire retardants in an amount from about 10 to about 90% of the total fire retardants used to treat the pulp fiber web at a point after the pulp fiber web is formed.
15. The process of claim 14 , wherein step (b) is carried out by treating the pulp fiber web with from about 40 to about 60% endothermic fire retardants and from about 40 to about 60% other fire retardants.
16. The process of claim 15 , wherein the other fire retardants of step (b) comprise one or more of: phosphorous fire retardants, halogenated fire retardants, or metal oxide fire retardants.
17. The process of claim 16 , wherein the other fire retardants of step (b) comprise one or more phosphorous fire retardants.
18. The process of claim 17 , wherein the phosphorous fire retardants of step (b) comprise ammonium phosphate.
19. The process of claim 14 , wherein step (b) is carried out by treating the pulp fiber web with one or more fire retardant distributing surfactants in an amount sufficient to distribute solely the other fire retardants in and/or on the pulp fiber web.
20. The process of claim 19 , wherein step (b) is carried out by treating the pulp fiber web with one or more fire retardant distributing surfactants in an amount of from about 1 to about 10 lbs per ton of the pulp fiber web.
21. The process of claim 20 , wherein the one or more fire retardant distributing surfactants of step (b) comprise one or more ethoxylated alcohols having from about 4 to about 25 ethylene oxide units and an alcohol carbon chain length of from about 12 to about 18 carbon atoms.