Encapsulation system for protection of probiotics during processing
Comestible products, for example beverage products, are disclosed containing encapsulated probiotic bacteria having resistance to subjection to at least thermal and acidic conditions. Beverage products include at least one aqueous liquid and capsules comprising a gelled mixture of alginate and denatured protein, and probiotic bacteria entrapped within the gelled mixture. The average particle size of the capsules is optionally less than 1000 microns (μm) in diameter, such as less than 500 μm in diameter. Methods are provided for making such encapsulated probiotics by providing a mixture comprising sodium alginate, denatured protein and active probiotic cells, and combining the mixture with a divalent cation to initiate cold gelation of the sodium alginate and denatured protein to form a second mixture. The second mixture is passed through an opening having a diameter of less than 1000 μm to form capsules. The weight ratio of protein to alginate is from 1:1 to 9:1.
1. A beverage product comprising:
at least one aqueous liquid; and
a plurality of uncoated capsules comprising a gelled mixture of substantially chemically unreacted alginate selected from a group consisting of sodium alginate or potassium alginate; denatured whey protein isolate, and about 1.0×10 9 -1.0×10 12 CPU/gram of capsules of probiotic bacteria cells; wherein the alginate and the whey protein isolate are not significantly covalently bound and within which the bacteria cells are entrapped the weight ratio of whey protein isolate to alginate is from about 1:1 to about 9:1, and the capsules have an average particle size of between about 1 micron to about 1000 microns (μm) in diameter; and
wherein subjection of the beverage product to a temperature of up to 92 degrees Celsius for up to 5 seconds results in a decrease of viable probiotic bacteria cells of between 0 and about 1000 colony forming units (CFU) per gram of capsules.
2. The beverage product of claim 1 , comprising between 0.1 grams and 3 grams of capsules per fluid ounce of beverage product.
3. The beverage product of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the whey protein to the alginate is from 1:1 to 4:1.
4. The beverage product of claim 1 , wherein the at least one aqueous liquid consists essentially of fruit or vegetable juice.
5. The beverage product of claim 1 , wherein the at least one aqueous liquid comprises a fruit juice selected from the group consisting of orange juice, cranberry juice, grape juice, pineapple juice, apple juice, mango juice, coconut juice, and a combination of any of them.
6. The beverage product of claim 1 , wherein the average particle size of the capsules is less than about 500 microns in diameter.
7. The beverage product of claim 1 , further comprising a vegetable component.
8. The beverage product of claim 1 , further comprising a natural non-nutritive sweetener selected from the group consisting of a rebaudioside, a steviol glycoside, Stevia rebaudiana extract, Lo Han Guo, mogroside V, monatin, glycyrrhizin, thaumatin, monellin, brazzein, and mixtures of any of them.
9. The beverage product of claim 8 , wherein the natural non-nutritive sweetener is selected from the group consisting of rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, steviolbioside, dulcoside A, and a combination of any of them.
10. The beverage product of claim 1 , wherein the capsules comprise beads.
11. The beverage product of claim 1 , wherein the probiotic bacteria comprises Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., or mixtures of any of them.
12. The beverage product of claim 1 , wherein the beverage product comprises viable probiotic bacteria in an amount of at least 1.0×10 6 CFU/gram capsules when the beverage product is stored at a temperature of 22-25° C. for at least two weeks.
13. The beverage product of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of the whey protein to the alginate is from 1:1 to 3:1.
14. The beverage product of claim 1 , further comprising at least one additional ingredient selected from the group consisting of taste modifiers, organic acids, flavorants, vitamins, minerals, buffering agents, colorants, and mixtures of any of them.
15. The beverage product of claim 14 , wherein the additional ingredient is at least one organic acid selected from the group consisting of citric acid, malic acid, ascorbic acid, tartaric acid, lactic acid, and mixtures of any of them.
16. The beverage product of claim 14 , wherein the additional ingredient is at least one mineral selected from the group consisting of calcium, magnesium, and mixtures thereof.
17. The beverage product of claim 14 , wherein the additional ingredient is vitamin D.