Rechargeable electrochemical battery cell
Rechargeable lithium battery cell having a housing, a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte containing a conductive salt, wherein the electrolyte is based on SO2 and the positive electrode contains an active material in the composition LixM′yM″z(XO4)aFb, wherein M′ is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of the elements Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn, M″ is at least one metal selected from the group consisting of the metals of the groups II A, III A, IV A, V A, VI A, IB, IIB, IIIB, IVB, VB, VIB and VIIIB, X is selected from the group consisting of the elements P, Si and S, x is greater than 0, y is greater than 0, z is greater than or equal to 0, a is greater than 0 and b is greater than or equal to 0.
1. A rechargeable lithium battery cell comprising a housing, a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte comprising a conductive salt,
wherein
the electrolyte is based on SO 2 and is essentially free of organic materials; and
the positive electrode comprises an active material comprising the composition LiFePO 4 and wherein the positive electrode comprises a three dimensional porous metal current collector and the electrolyte comprises at least 2 mole SO 2 per mole of conductive salt.
2. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode has a thickness of at least 0.3 mm.
3. The battery cell according to claim 2 , wherein the positive electrode has a thickness of from 0.3 mm to 0.6 mm.
4. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode comprises a quantity of active material per unit area of from 30 mg/cm 2 to 140 mg/cm 2 .
5. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode comprising the active material and the current collector is porous, the porosity being from greater than 0% to no more than 50%.
6. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the three-dimensional porous metal current collector is a metal foam.
7. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the porous metal current collector extends essentially over the entire thickness of the positive electrode.
8. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the active material is distributed essentially homogeneously in the positive metal current collector.
9. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode comprises active material and a current collector, the negative electrode having a thickness of from 0.2 mm to 0.6 mm.
10. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the positive electrode comprises a binding agent, wherein the concentration of the binding agent is from greater than 0% to no more than 10%.
11. The battery cell according to claim 10 , wherein the binding agent is a fluorinated binding agent.
12. The battery cell according to claim 11 , wherein the binding agent is a terpolymer of tetrafluoroethylene.
13. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode comprises carbon as an active material for inserting lithium ions.
14. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode comprises a quantity of active material from 10 mg/cm 2 to 140 mg/cm 2 .
15. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode comprises active material and a current collector and is porous, the porosity being from greater than 0% to no more than 50%.
16. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode, comprising active material, comprises a binding agent, wherein the concentration of the binding agent is from greater than 0 wt. % to no more than 5 wt. %.
17. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the conductive salt is a lithium tetrahalogenoaluminate.
18. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the cell has a current carrying capacity, per unit area of the positive electrode, of from 10 mA/cm 2 to 300 mA/cm 2 .
19. The battery cell according to claim 18 , wherein the cell has a current carrying capacity, per unit area of the positive electrode, of from 10 mA/cm 2 to 150 mA/cm 2 .
20. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the cell comprises a lithium halogenide.
21. A method for producing an electrode for a battery cell according to claim 1 , comprising:
producing a paste mass from the active material with optional admixture of a binding agent and/or a conductivity-improving material;
homogeneously incorporating the paste mass into a three-dimensional porous metal structure;
pressing the three-dimensional metal structure containing the paste mass in such a manner that its thickness is reduced.
22. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the electrolyte comprises from 2 mole SO 2 to 6 mole SO 2 per mole of conductive salt.
23. The battery cell according to claim 22 , wherein the conductive salt is lithium tetrachloroaluminate.
24. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the active material composition of LiFePO 4 further comprises vanadium.
25. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the active material composition of LiFePO 4 is doped.
26. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the active material composition of LiFePO 4 is without doping.
27. The battery cell according to claim 1 , wherein the negative electrode, comprising active material and a current collector, has a thickness of at least 0.2 mm.
28. A rechargeable lithium battery cell comprising a housing, a positive electrode, a negative electrode and an electrolyte comprising a conductive salt,
wherein
the electrolyte is based on SO 2 ;
the positive electrode comprises an active material comprising the composition LiFePO 4 and wherein the positive electrode comprises a three dimensional porous metal current collector and the electrolyte comprises at least 2 mole SO 2 per mole of conductive salt; and
the negative electrode comprises a quantity of active material of between 10 mg/cm 2 to 140 mg/cm 2 .