Process of a quaternary ammonium salt using phosphate

1. A process for preparing a quaternary ammonium salt of formula (4):

wherein

X is halogen atom, C 1-6 alkylsulfonyloxy group, or C 6-10 arylsulfonyloxy group, and X − is a counteranion thereof,

Y is a substituent of the following formula (3a) or (3b):

wherein R 3 is independently methylene or oxygen atom; R 4 is independently C 1-6 alkyl group, C 1-6 alkoxy group, or hydroxy group; m and n are independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; and p is 1 or 2, and

Z is ═N—R 1 or ═CH—R 2 wherein R 1 is C 1-6 alkyl group, C 3-7 cycloalkyl group, C 5-7 cycloalkenyl group, C 6-10 aryl group, or 5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl group; R 2 is C 1-6 alkyl group, C 1-6 alkoxy group, C 1-6 alkylthio group, C 3-7 cycloalkyl group, C 3-7 cycloalkyloxy group, C 3-7 cycloalkylthio group, C 5-7 cycloalkenyl group, C 5-7 cycloalkenyloxy group, C 5-7 cycloalkenylthio group, C 6-10 aryl group, C 6-10 aryloxy group, C 6-10 arylthio group, 5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl group, 5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryloxy group, or 5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroarylthio group,

comprising reacting a compound of formula (1):

wherein Z is as defined above

with 1 to 2 mole of a compound of formula (2):

wherein X is independently selected from the above-defined ones, and Y is as defined above, per one mole of the compound of formula (1)

in the presence of 1 to 5 mole of a phosphate per one mole of the compound of formula (1) and 0.01 to 0.1 part by weight of water per one part by weight of the phosphate.

2. The process of claim 1 wherein X is independently C 1-6 alkylsulfonyloxy group, or C 6-10 arylsulfonyloxy group.

3. The process of claim 2 wherein X is methanesulfonyloxy group.

4. The process of claim 1 wherein Y is the substituent of formula (3a).

5. The process of claim 4 wherein m is 2 and n is 0.

6. The process of claim 1 wherein Z is ═N—R 1 .

7. The process of claim 6 wherein R 1 is 5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl group.

8. The process of claim 7 wherein R 1 is 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-yl.

9. The process of claim 1 wherein the phosphate is dibasic potassium phosphate.

10. The process of claim 1 wherein the phosphate is 1 to 3 mole per one mole of the compound of formula (1).

11. The process of claim 1 wherein the amount of water is 0.01 to 0.05 part by weight per one part by weight of the phosphate.

12. A process for preparing a quaternary ammonium salt of formula (4a):

comprising reacting a compound of formula (1a):

with 1 to 2 mole of a compound of formula (2a):

per one mole of the compound of formula (1a) in the presence of 1 to 5 mole of a phosphate per one mole of the compound of formula (1a) and 0.01 to 0.1 part by weight of water per one part by weight of the phosphate.

13. A process for preparing a compound of formula 8:

or an acid addition salt thereof

wherein

B is a carbonyl group or a sulfonyl group,

R 5a , R 5b , R 5c , and R 5d are independently a hydrogen atom or a C 1-4 alkyl group, alternatively R 5a and R 5b , or R 5a and R 5c may be taken together to form a hydrocarbon ring, or R 5a and R 5c may be taken together to form an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, wherein the hydrocarbon ring may be bridged with C 1-4 alkylene or oxygen atom wherein the C 1-4 alkylene and the hydrocarbon ring may be substituted with at least one C 1-4 alkyl,

q is 0 or 1, and

Y is a substituent of the following formula (3a) or (3b):

wherein R 3 is independently methylene or oxygen atom; R 4 is independently C 1-6 alkyl group, C 1-6 alkoxy group, or hydroxyl group; m and n are independently 0, 1, 2, or 3; and p is 1 or 2, and

Z is ═N—R 1 or ═CH—R 2 wherein R 1 is C 1-6 alkyl group, C 3-7 cycloalkyl group, C 5-7 cycloalkenyl group, C 6-10 aryl group, or 5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl group; R 2 is C 1-6 alkyl group, C 1-6 alkoxy group, C 1-6 alkylthio group, C 3-7 cycloalkyl group, C 3-7 cycloalkyloxy group, C 3-7 cycloalkylthio group, C 5-7 cycloalkenyl group, C 5-7 cycloalkenyloxy group, C 6-7 cycloalkenylthio group, C 6-10 aryl group, C 6-10 aryloxy group, C 6-10 arylthio group, 5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryl group, 5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroaryloxy group, or 5- to 10-membered monocyclic or bicyclic heteroarylthio group,

comprising the following steps (i) and (ii):

step (i)

a process for preparing a quaternary ammonium salt of formula (4):

wherein X is halogen atom, C 1-6 alkylsulfonyloxy group, or C 6-10 arylsulfonyloxy group, and Y and Z are as defined above,

comprising reacting a compound of formula (1):

wherein Z is as defined above

with 1 to 2 mole of a compound of formula (2):

wherein X and Y are defined above, per one mole of the compound of formula (1)

in the presence of 1 to 5 mole of a phosphate per one mole of the compound of formula (1) and 0.01 to 0.1 part by weight of water per one part by weight of the phosphate; and

step (ii)

a process for preparing the compound of formula (8)

comprising reacting the quaternary ammonium salt (4) prepared in step (i) with the following compound (7):

wherein B, R 5a , R 5b , R 5c , R 5d and q are as defined above, in the presence of a solid inorganic base.

14. The process of claim 13 which further comprises the following step (iii) after the reaction of step (ii):

adding a solvent to the product in step (ii) to obtain the compound of formula (8) as a crystal, wherein the solvent is an aliphatic hydrocarbon solvent and/or an alcohol solvent.

15. The process of claim 14 wherein the solvent in step (iii) is an alcohol solvent.

16. The process of claim 15 wherein the alcohol solvent is methanol, ethanol and/or isopropanol.

17. The process of claim 13 wherein the compound of formula (8) is (3aR,4s,7R,7aS)-2-{(1R,2R)-2-[4-(1,2-benisothiazole-3-yl)-piperazin-1-ylmethyl]cyclohexylmethyl]hexahydro-4,7-methano-2H-isoindole-1,3-dione.

18. The process of claim 17 wherein the solid inorganic base in step (ii) is an alkali metal carbonate, alkali earth metal carbonate and/or an alkali metal bicarbonate.

19. The process of claim 18 wherein the solid inorganic base in step (ii) is a potassium carbonate.

20. The process of claim 19 wherein the production rate of by-product (R) in step (ii) is 3% or less, wherein the by-product (R) is produced by the reaction of the unreacted compounds of formula (1) and formula (2) with the potassium carbonate in step (ii), and the by-product (R) has a carbonate part therein.

21. The process of claim 20 wherein the production rate is 0.02% or less.

22. The process of claim 12 wherein the compound of formula (2a) is

23. The process of claim 13 wherein B is carbonyl group.

24. The process of claim 13 wherein R 5a and R 5c are taken together to form a hydrocarbon ring which may be bridged with C 1-4 alkylene, and R 5b and R 5d are hydrogen atom.

25. The process of claim 24 wherein Compound (7) is the following compound of formula (7b):

26. The process of claim 25 wherein the compound of formula (7b) is