REACTION PRODUCTS AND METHODS FOR MAKING AND USING THE SAME
Reaction products and methods for making and using the same are provided. In at least one specific embodiment, the fertilizer can include a nitrogen source comprising urea, ammonia, ammonium nitrate, or any combination thereof and a reaction product of formaldehyde, an ammonia source, and a nitrification inhibitor.
1 . A fertilizer, comprising:
a nitrogen source comprising urea, ammonia, ammonium nitrate, or any combination thereof; and
a reaction product of formaldehyde, an ammonia source, and a nitrification inhibitor.
2 . The fertilizer of claim 1 , wherein the nitrification inhibitor comprises 2-chloro-6-trichloromethyl-pyridine, 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol, dicyandiamide, 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidine, 1,3-benzothyiazole-2-thiol, 4-amino-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzenesulfonamide, thiourea; guanidine, 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, 2,4-diamino-6-trichloromethyl-5-triazine, polyetherionophores, 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole, 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole, potassium azide, carbon bisulfide, sodium trithiocarbonate, ammonium dithiocarbamate, 2,3, dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol methyl-carbamate, N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-alanine methyl ester, ammonium thiosulfate, 1-hydroxypyrazole, 2-methylpyrazole-1-carboxamide, derivatives thereof, and any combination thereof.
3 . The fertilizer of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the formaldehyde to ammonia in the reaction product ranges from about 3:1 to about 9:1 and a molar ratio of the formaldehyde to nitrification inhibitor in the reaction product ranges from about 1:1 to about 3:1.
4 . The fertilizer of claim 1 , wherein reacting the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor comprises:
combining the formaldehyde and the nitrification inhibitor at a molar ratio from about 1:1 to about 3:1 to produce a first mixture;
heating the first mixture to a temperature ranging from about 50° C. to about 80° C.;
introducing ammonium chloride to the first mixture to produce a second mixture, wherein the total amount of ammonium chloride introduced to the first mixture provides a formaldehyde to ammonia molar ratio ranging from about 3:1 to about 9:1;
heating the second mixture to a temperature ranging from about 70° C. to about 90° C.; and
cooling the second mixture to produce the reaction product.
5 . The fertilizer of claim 1 , wherein the reaction product comprises from about 30 mol % to about 70 mol % formaldehyde, from about 5 mol % to about 25 mol % ammonia, and from about 15 mol % to about 45 mol % nitrification inhibitor, based on a total weight of the formaldehyde, the ammonia, and the nitrification inhibitor.
6 . The fertilizer of claim 1 , wherein a molar ratio of the formaldehyde to ammonia in the reaction product ranges from about 1:1 to about 8:1 and a molar ratio of the formaldehyde to nitrification inhibitor in the reaction product ranges from about 1:1 to about 7:1.
7 . The fertilizer of claim 1 , wherein the reaction product is produced by reacting the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor in water under alkaline reaction conditions to yield an aqueous reaction product.
8 . The fertilizer of claim 1 , wherein the ammonia source comprises one or more ammonium salts, aqueous ammonia, anhydrous ammonia, or any combination thereof.
9 . The fertilizer of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the reaction product in the fertilizer ranges from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt %, based on a total amount of nitrogen in the nitrogen source.
10 . The fertilizer of claim 1 , wherein a concentration of the reaction product in the fertilizer ranges from about 1 wt % to about 15 wt %, based on a total amount of nitrogen in the nitrogen source.
11 . The fertilizer of claim 1 , wherein the reaction product further comprises a urease inhibitor reacted with the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor, and wherein the urease inhibitor comprises N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide, N-(n-butly)phosphoric triamide, thiophosphoryl triamide, phenyl phosphorodiamidate, cyclohexyl phosphoric triamide, cyclohexyl thiophosphoric triamide, phosphoric triamide, hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, hexamidocyclotriphosphazene, thiopyridines, thiopyrimidines, thiopyridine-N-oxides, N,N-dihalo-2-imidazolidinone, N-halo-2-oxazolidinone, derivatives thereof, or any combination thereof.
12 . The fertilizer of claim 1 , further comprising one or more urease inhibitors.
13 . The fertilizer of claim 1 , wherein the reaction product further comprises urea reacted with the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor.
14 . The fertilizer of claim 1 , wherein the nitrogen source comprises anhydrous ammonia.
15 . A method for making a fertilizer, comprising:
reacting formaldehyde, an ammonia source, and a nitrification inhibitor under conditions sufficient to produce a reaction product; and
combining the reaction product with a nitrogen source to produce a fertilizer, wherein the nitrogen source comprises urea, ammonia, ammonium nitrate, or any combination thereof.
16 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising reacting at least one of urea and a urease inhibitor with the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor to produce the reaction product.
17 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the nitrification inhibitor comprises 2-chloro-6-trichloromethyl-pyridine; 5-ethoxy-3-trichloromethyl-1,2,4-thiadiazol; dicyandiamide; 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methyl-pyrimidine; 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol; 4-amino-N-1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzenesulfonamide; thiourea; guanidine; 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate; 2,4-diamino-6-trichloromethyl-5-triazine; polyetherionophores; 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole; 3-mercapto-1,2,4-triazole; potassium azide; carbon bisulfide; sodium trithiocarbonate; ammonium dithiocarbamate; 2,3, dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranol methyl-carbamate; N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-N-(methoxyacetyl)-alanine methyl ester; ammonium thiosulfate; 1-hydroxypyrazole; 2-methylpyrazole-1-carboxamide; derivatives thereof, or any combination thereof.
18 . The method of claim 15 , wherein an amount of the reaction product in the fertilizer ranges from about 0.5 wt % to about 20 wt %, based on a total amount of nitrogen in the nitrogen source.
19 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the nitrogen source is disposed within a soil and the reaction product is combined with the nitrogen source within the soil.
20 . The method of claim 15 , wherein a molar ratio of the formaldehyde to ammonia in the reaction product ranges from about 3:1 to about 9:1 and a molar ratio of the formaldehyde to nitrification inhibitor in the reaction product ranges from about 1:1 to about 3:1.
21 . The method of claim 15 , wherein reacting the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor comprises:
combining the formaldehyde and the nitrification inhibitor at a molar ratio from about 1:1 to about 3:1 to produce a first mixture;
heating the first mixture to a temperature ranging from about 50° C. to about 80° C.;
introducing ammonium chloride to the first mixture to produce a second mixture, wherein the total amount of ammonium chloride introduced to the first mixture provides a formaldehyde to ammonia molar ratio ranging from about 3:1 to about 9:1;
heating the second mixture to a temperature ranging from about 70° C. to about 90° C.; and
cooling the second mixture to produce the reaction product.
22 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the reaction product comprises from about 30 mol % to about 70 mol % formaldehyde, from about 5 mol % to about 25 mol % ammonia, and from about 15 mol % to about 45 mol % nitrification inhibitor, based on a total weight of the formaldehyde, the ammonia, and the nitrification inhibitor.
23 . The method of claim 15 , wherein a molar ratio of the formaldehyde to ammonia in the reaction product ranges from about 1:1 to about 8:1 and a molar ratio of the formaldehyde to nitrification inhibitor in the reaction product ranges from about 1:1 to about 7:1.
24 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the reaction product is produced by reacting the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor in water under alkaline reaction conditions to yield an aqueous reaction product.
25 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the ammonia source comprises one or more ammonium salts, aqueous ammonia, anhydrous ammonia, or any combination thereof.
26 . The method of claim 15 , wherein a concentration of the reaction product in the fertilizer ranges from about 0.1 wt % to about 20 wt %, based on a total amount of nitrogen in the nitrogen source.
27 . The method of claim 15 , wherein a concentration of the reaction product in the fertilizer ranges from about 1 wt % to about 15 wt %, based on a total amount of nitrogen in the nitrogen source.
28 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the reaction product further comprises a urease inhibitor reacted with the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor, and wherein the urease inhibitor comprises N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide, N-(n-butly)phosphoric triamide, thiophosphoryl triamide, phenyl phosphorodiamidate, cyclohexyl phosphoric triamide, cyclohexyl thiophosphoric triamide, phosphoric triamide, hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, hexamidocyclotriphosphazene, thiopyridines, thiopyrimidines, thiopyridine-N-oxides, N,N-dihalo-2-imidazolidinone, N-halo-2-oxazolidinone, derivatives thereof, or any combination thereof.
29 . The method of claim 15 , further comprising combining one or more urease inhibitors with the reaction product and the nitrogen source.
30 . The method of claim 15 , wherein the nitrogen source comprises anhydrous ammonia.
31 . A method for reducing nitrification in soil, comprising:
reacting formaldehyde, an ammonia source, and a nitrification inhibitor under conditions sufficient to produce a reaction product;
applying the reaction product to a soil.
32 . The method of claim 31 , wherein one or more nitrogen sources is disposed within the soil and the reaction product is combined with the one or more nitrogen sources within the soil.
33 . The method of claim 32 , wherein the one or more nitrogen sources comprise urea, ammonia, ammonium nitrate, or any combination thereof.
34 . The method of claim 31 , further comprising disposing one or more nitrogen sources on the soil, within the soil, or both, wherein the one or more nitrogen sources comprise animal manure, animal urine, or a combination thereof.
35 . The method of claim 34 , wherein the reaction product is applied to the soil after the one or more nitrogen sources, before the one or more nitrogen sources, or both.
36 . The method of claim 31 , wherein the amount of reaction product applied to the soil ranges from about 1 kg/ha to about 50 kg/ha.
37 . The method of claim 32 , wherein an amount of the reaction product applied to the soil ranges from about 1 wt % to about 25 wt %, based on a total amount of nitrogen in the one or more nitrogen sources.
38 . The method of claim 31 , further comprising reacting urea with the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor to produce the reaction product.
39 . The method of claim 31 , further comprising reacting a urease inhibitor with the formaldehyde, ammonia source, and nitrification inhibitor, and wherein the urease inhibitor comprises N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide, N-(n-butly)phosphoric triamide, thiophosphoryl triamide, phenyl phosphorodiamidate, cyclohexyl phosphoric triamide, cyclohexyl thiophosphoric triamide, phosphoric triamide, hydroquinone, p-benzoquinone, hexamidocyclotriphosphazene, thiopyridines, thiopyrimidines, thiopyridine-N-oxides, N,N-dihalo-2-imidazolidinone, N-halo-2-oxazolidinone, derivatives thereof, or any combination thereof.
40 . The method of claim 31 , further comprising combining a urease inhibitor with the reaction product.