Method and apparatus for spine joint replacement

1. A method for replacing a portion of a mammalian spine comprising a spinal motion segment comprising a vertebra, the method comprising:

implanting an artificial disc adjacent to the vertebra to incorporate the artificial disc into the spinal motion segment; and

implanting a prosthesis on the vertebra such that the prosthesis is discrete from the artificial disc to incorporate the prosthesis into the spinal motion segment, wherein the prosthesis is capable of articulation after implantation;

wherein the artificial disc and the prosthesis are configured for complementary interoperation to restore natural biomechanics of the spinal motion segment.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the artificial disc comprises opposing end plates and articulating structure therebetween.

3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the artificial disc comprises opposing end plates and a deformable structure disposed between the opposing end plates, wherein the deformable structure is selected from the group consisting of an elastomeric body and a polymer body.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein implanting the prosthesis on the vertebra comprises replacing at least a portion of a facet of the vertebra.

5. A method for replacing a portion of a mammalian spine comprising a spinal motion segment comprising a vertebra, the method comprising:

implanting an artificial disc adjacent to the vertebra to incorporate the artificial disc into the spinal motion segment; and

implanting a prosthesis on the vertebra such that the prosthesis is discrete from the artificial disc to incorporate the prosthesis into the spinal motion segment, the prosthesis comprising an articular surface that replicates a natural articular surface of a vertebral facet, wherein the prosthesis is capable of articulation after implantation;

wherein the artificial disc and the prosthesis are configured for complementary interoperation to restore natural biomechanics of the spinal motion segment,

wherein the artificial disc restores articulation between vertebral bodies of the vertebrae, the prosthesis articulates with another facet, no portion of the prosthesis contacts a posterior arch of the vertebrae.

6. The method of claim 5 , wherein the artificial disc comprises opposing end plates and articulating structure therebetween.

7. The method of claim 5 , wherein the artificial disc comprises opposing end plates and a deformable structure disposed between the opposing end plates, wherein the deformable structure is selected from the group consisting of an elastomeric body and a polymer body.

8. The method of claim 5 , wherein implanting the prosthesis on the vertebra comprises replacing at least a portion of a facet of the vertebra.

9. A method for replacing a portion of a mammalian spine, the method comprising:

positioning an artificial disc between two adjacent vertebrae, the artificial disc comprising opposing end plates, wherein the end plates are movable relative to each other;

removing a superior facet and replacing the superior facet with a first prosthesis, the first prosthesis comprising a first articular surface that replicates a natural articular surface of the superior facet;

removing an inferior facet and replacing the inferior facet with a second prosthesis, the second prosthesis comprising a second articular surface that replicates a natural articular surface of the inferior facet, the inferior facet forming a joint with the superior facet, wherein the first prosthesis is capable of articulation relative to the second prosthesis; and

restoring articulation between the vertebral bodies of the vertebrae, wherein the first prosthesis, second prosthesis, and the artificial disc are operatively connected to restore natural biomechanics of the two adjacent vertebrae.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the method further comprises the step of providing an articulating structure disposed between the opposing end plates of the artificial disc.