Alkyl ketal esters as dispersants and slip agents for particulate solids, methods of manufacture, and uses thereof

1. A dispersion comprising

a liquid or semi-solid continuous phase,

a dispersed solid phase comprising a plurality of organic, inorganic or inorganic-organic particles, and

an alkyl ketal ester having the structure

wherein

a is 0 or an integer of 1 to 12;

b is 0 or 1;

R 2 is a divalent C 1-8 group optionally substituted with up to 5 hydroxyl groups; and

R 1 is C 1-6 alkyl, and

wherein at least a portion of the alkyl ketal ester is present in the continuous phase, on a surface of at least some of the dispersed particles, or a combination thereof.

2. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein R 2 is >CH—CH 3 , >CH—CH 2 OH, >C(CH 3 )CH 2 OH, >C(C 2 H 5 )CH 2 OH, >C(CH 2 OH) 2 , >CH—CH(OH)—CH 2 OH, or >CH—(CHOH) 3 —CH 2 OH.

3. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the alkyl ketal ester is selected from ethyl-LGK, ethyl-LPK, n-butyl-LGK, n-butyl-LPK, and combinations thereof.

4. A coating composition comprising the dispersion of claim 1 , wherein

the continuous phase is a liquid continuous phase, and

the plurality of solid particles comprises solid pigment particles.

5. The coating composition of claim 4 , wherein the alkyl ketal ester is present in the dispersion in an amount from 1 to 400% by weight of plurality of solid particles.

6. The coating composition of claim 4 , wherein the dispersed pigment particles have an average D50 particle size from 100 nanometers to 25 micrometers.

7. The coating composition of claim 4 , comprising, based on the total weight of the coating composition,

from 20 to 90% by weight of the liquid continuous phase,

from 0.5 to 45% by weight of the solid pigment particles,

from 0.5 to 60% by weight of the alkyl ketal ester, and

from 5 to 80% by weight of an organic binder composition.

8. The dispersion of claim 1 , wherein the continuous phase is a semi-solid.

9. The dispersion of claim 8 , wherein the semi-solid is a wax.

10. A cosmetic comprising the dispersion of claim 1 , wherein

the continuous phase comprises a cosmetically acceptable wax, film-forming polymer, emollient, or a combination thereof, and

the plurality of solid particles comprises cosmetically acceptable solid pigment particles.

11. The cosmetic of claim 10 , in the form of a semi-solid, comprising, based on the total weight of the cosmetic,

from 25 to 80% by weight of the continuous phase,

from 5 to 50% by weight of the solid pigment particles, and

from 0.1 to 50% of the weight of the alkyl ketal ester.

12. The cosmetic of claim 11 , wherein the cosmetic is an eye product, skin product, lip product, or nail product.

13. The cosmetic of claim 10 , in the form of a fluid or gel, comprising, based on the total weight of the cosmetic,

from 25 to 80% by weight of water, a volatile organic solvent, or a combination thereof,

from 2 to 35% of the cosmetically acceptable wax, film-forming polymer, emollient, or combination thereof,

from 2 to 30% by weight of the solid pigment particles, and

from 1 to 40% by weight of the alkyl ketal ester.

14. The cosmetic of claim 13 , wherein the cosmetic is an eye product, lip product, skin product or nail product.

15. The cosmetic of claim 10 , in the form of a wet foundation comprising, based on the total weight of the cosmetic,

from 30-75% by weight water,

from 1 to 35% by weight of the cosmetically acceptable emollient, from 2 to 25% by weight of the solid pigment particles, and

from 0.5 to 35% by weight of the alkyl ketal ester, wherein the continuous phase is an aqueous phase or an oily phase.

16. The cosmetic of claim 10 , in the form of a lip product comprising, based on the total weight of the cosmetic,

from 1 to 25% by weight of the cosmetically acceptable wax;

from 30 to 95% by weight of one or more other hydrophobic materials; and

from 0.05 to 25% by weight of the solid pigment particles.

17. A composition, comprising

a plurality of solid particles; and

an alkyl ketal ester at least partially coating at least some of the particles, the alkyl ketal ester having the structure:

wherein

a is 0 or an integer of 1 to 12;

b is 0 or 1;

R 2 is a divalent C 1-8 group optionally substituted with up to 5 hydroxyl groups; and

R 1 is C 1-6 alkyl; and

wherein the composition is a particulate solid.

18. The composition of claim 17 , wherein R 2 is >CH—CH 3 , >CH—CH 2 OH, >C(CH 3 )CH 2 OH, >C(C 2 H 5 )CH 2 OH, >C(CH 2 OH) 2 , >CH—CH(OH)—CH 2 OH, or >CH—(CHOH) 3 —CH 2 OH.

19. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the alkyl ketal ester is selected from ethyl-LGK, ethyl-LPK, n-butyl-LGK, n-butyl-LPK, and combinations thereof.

20. The composition of claim 17 wherein the alkyl ketal ester is present in an amount from 1 to 100% by weight of the plurality of solid particles.

21. The composition of claim 17 , wherein the plurality of solid particles comprise pigment particles, and the alkyl ketal ester is sorbed onto at least a portion of a surface of at least a portion of the pigment particles.

22. A powder cosmetic comprising the composition of claim 17 , and comprising, based on the total weight of the powder cosmetic,

from 50 to 95% by weight of the solid pigment particles, and

from 1 to 15% by weight of the alkyl ketal ester.

23. A method of forming the dispersion of claim 1 , comprising combining the continuous phase, plurality of solid particles, and alkyl ketal ester to form the dispersion.

24. The method of claim 23 , wherein the combining comprises wetting the plurality of solid particles with the alkyl ketal ester; then combining the wetted particles with the continuous phase.

25. The method of claim 23 , wherein the combining comprises combining the continuous phase and the alkyl ketal ester; and adding the plurality of solid particles to the combination of the continuous phase and the alkyl ketal ester.