Surge current sensor and surge protection system including the same

1. A surge current sensor for placement in proximity of a conduit, comprising:

a current transformer having an arc surface configured to receive a magnetic flux generated by a surge current in the conduit, the current transformer transforming the received magnetic flux to a voltage;

a processor coupled to the current transformer, and configured to generate a digital signal based on the voltage, the digital signal representing a surge magnitude of the surge current; and

a threshold detector coupled to the current transformer, and configured to generate an enable signal for enabling the processor upon detecting that the surge current exceeds a predetermined threshold.

2. The surge current sensor of claim 1 , wherein the current transformer includes:

a magnetic core placed along the arc surface and having a receiving segment, and configured to guide the magnetic flux to flow through the receiving segment.

3. The surge current sensor of claim 2 , wherein the current transformer includes:

a coiled wire having:

a first end coupled to a first node,

a second end coupled to a second node, and

a coiled segment coiling around the receiving segment of the magnetic core and coupled between the first end and the second end, the coiled segment transforming the magnetic flux to a scaled current flowing through the first node and the second node, the scaled current having a scaled magnitude representative of the surge magnitude of the surge current; and

a shunt component conducting the scaled current and establishing the voltage between the first node and the second node.

4. The surge current sensor of claim 1 , further comprising:

a surge current converter coupled to the current transformer, and configured to convert the voltage to a plurality of digital values, each of the plurality of digital values corresponding to the voltage at or around a discrete time period.

5. The surge current sensor of claim 4 , wherein:

the processor is coupled to the surge current converter, and configured to generate the digital signal including an interrupt signal upon determining that the plurality of digital values are higher than a predefined surge value over a predefined number of corresponding discrete time periods.

6. The surge current sensor of claim 4 , wherein:

the processor is coupled to the surge current converter, and configured to generate the digital signal including a serial output signal carrying the plurality of digital values.

7. The surge current sensor of claim 4 , wherein the current converter includes:

a differential amplifier coupled to the current transformer, and configured to amplify the voltage,

a low pass filter coupled to the differential amplifier, and configured to filter out a noise component of the amplified voltage, and

an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) coupled to the low pass filter, and configured to sample the filtered voltage into the plurality of digital values.

8. The surge current sensor of claim 7 , wherein the ADC samples the filtered voltage at a sampling rate ranging from about 500 ksps to about 2000 ksps.

9. The surge current sensor of claim 1 , wherein the predefined threshold includes:

a magnitude threshold corresponding to the surge magnitude of the surge current, and

a rise time threshold corresponding to a rise time of the surge current, the rise time threshold ranges from about 6 ms to about 10 ms.

10. A surge protection system, comprising:

a surge sensor positioned adjacent to a conduit, and having a current transformer for sensing a surge current of the conduit, a processor for generating a digital signal representing the sensed surge current and a threshold detector coupled to the current transformer for enabling the processor; and

a controller in communication with the surge sensor, the controller configured to determine an occurrence of a surge event based on the digital signal and, upon determining the occurrence of the surge event, generate a notification signal for requesting a surge protection response.

11. The surge protection system of claim 10 , further comprising:

a surge reactor in communication with the controller, and configured to generate the surge protection response based on the notification signal.

12. The surge protection system of claim 11 , wherein:

the surge reactor includes a gas valve controlling a flow of gas within a channel defined by the conduit, and

the surge protection response includes terminating the flow of gas within the channel of the conduit.

13. The surge protection system of claim 11 , wherein:

the surge reactor includes an electrical switch controlling a flow of electricity in a conductor protected by the conduit, and

the surge protection response includes terminating the flow of electricity in the conductor.

14. The surge protection system of claim 11 , wherein:

the surge reactor protects a device serviced by the conduit, and

the surge protection response includes disconnecting the conduit from the device.

15. The surge protection system of claim 10 , wherein:

the surge sensor is configured to generate an interrupt signal when the sensed surge current exceeds a predetermined surge value over a predetermined period of time, and

the interrupt signal is for triggering a surge reactor to generate a surge protection response.

16. A method for responding to a surge event, comprising the steps of:

sensing, with a surge sensor, a surge current conducted by a conduit;

determining a surge energy carried by the surge current;

enabling an interrupt mode of a processor of the surge sensor when the surge energy exceeds a predetermined value; and

triggering a protection response when the interrupt mode is enabled.

17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the protection response includes terminating a flow of gas within a channel defined by the conduit.

18. The method of claim 16 , wherein the protection response includes terminating a flow of electricity in a conductor protected by the conduit.

19. The method of claim 16 , wherein the protection response includes disconnecting the conduit from a device serviced by the conduit.