Gemcitabine immunoassay
The present invention comprises novel analogs of gemcitabine and novel gemcitabine immunogens leased out of, i.e., derived from, the 5′-hydroxy position of gemcitabine. The invention also comprises unique monoclonal antibodies generated using gemcitabine linked immunogens as well as unique conjugates and tracers which antibodies, conjugates, and tracers are useful in immunoassays for the quantification and monitoring of gemcitabine in biological fluids.
1. An immunoassay for detecting gemcitabine in a sample comprising providing a mixture of a) said sample, b) an antibody selectively reactive with gemcitabine and not substantially cross-reactive with 2′,2′-difluoro-2′-deoxyuridine and tetrahydrouridine, and c) a conjugate of a carrier having either a reactive thiol or amino group with a compound of the formula:
wherein B is
Y is an organic spacing group;
X is a functional group capable of binding to said carrier through said amino or thiol group; and
p is an integer from 0 to 1
or salts thereof;
causing the gemcitibine in the sample and said conjugate in said mixture to bind with said antibody and thereafter measuring the amount of said conjugate in said mixture which is bound or unbound to said antibody whereby the presence of gemcitibine in the sample can be determined.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the sample is a human sample.
3. The immunoassay of claim 2 , wherein said antibody is generated from an immunogen comprising an immunogenic carrier having a reactive thiol or amino group conjugated to a compound of the formula:
wherein p, X, Y and B are as above;
or salts thereof.
wherein p, X, Y and A are as above.
4. The immunoassay of claim 3 , wherein the carrier contains a thiol group and X is the compound which is linked to the immunogenic polymer is a functional group capable of reacting with said thiol.
5. The immunoassay of claim 4 , wherein X is
6. The immunoassay of claim 5 , wherein Y is lower alkylene.
7. The immunoassay of claim 6 wherein the immunogenic carrier contains as the functional group
wherein v is an integer from 1 to 6.
8. The immunoassay of claim 2 , wherein the antibody is attached to a solid support.
9. The immunoassay of claim 8 , wherein the solid support is microtiter plates.
10. The immunoassay of claim 9 , wherein the solid support is nanoparticles.