Permanent magnet motor system
View Patent ↗A sensorless permanent magnet motor system that prevents negative torque caused by back EMF. The system determines the position of the rotating permanent magnet by monitoring back EMF generated on an inactive coil of the motor system. A snubber circuit is used to prevent the back EMF from causing negative torque on the motor. The voltage of back EMF used to power a logic circuit, such as a microcontroller, that controls the operation of the motor. The microcontroller controls the operation of the motor by detecting back EMF and is also partially powered by the back EMF.
1. A sensorless electric motor system, comprising:
a power supply circuit configured to provide a first DC voltage and a second DC voltage;
an electric motor, powered by the first DC voltage, including a permanent magnet rotor and a plurality of coils, each coil positioned in a series-type arrangement with a corresponding low-side switch, wherein a back EMF generated by the permanent magnet rotor changes a magnitude of the first DC voltage; and
a control circuit powered by the second DC voltage and configured to control movement of the electric motor by
monitoring the back EMF,
determining a position of the permanent magnet rotor based on the back EMF, and
selectively opening and closing the low-side switches based on the determined position of the permanent magnet rotor.
2. The sensorless electric motor system of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit monitors the back EMF by monitoring a magnitude of the first DC voltage.
3. The sensorless electric motor system of claim 1 , further comprising a plurality of snubber circuits to prevent the back EMF generated by the permanent motor rotor from causing negative torque on the electric motor.
4. The sensorless electric motor system of claim 3 , wherein one snubber circuit of the plurality of snubber circuits includes a zener diode in a parallel-type arrangement with the corresponding low-side switch.
5. The sensorless electric motor system of claim 3 , wherein one snubber circuit of the plurality of snubber circuits is positioned in a parallel-type arrangement with the corresponding low-side switch and includes
a first circuit component including a diode in a series-type arrangement with a first resistor,
a second circuit component including a second resistor in a parallel-type arrangement with the first circuit component, and
a capacitor in a series-type arrangement with the second circuit component.
6. The sensorless electric motor system of claim 3 , wherein one snubber circuit of the plurality of snubber circuits is positioned in a parallel-type arrangement with one of the plurality of coils and a series-type arrangement with the corresponding low-side switch and includes
a first circuit component including a first resistor in a series-type arrangement with a diode,
a second circuit component including a second resistor in a series-type arrangement with the first circuit component, and
a capacitor in a parallel-type arrangement with the second circuit component.
7. The sensorless electric motor system of claim 1 , wherein each snubber circuit of the plurality of snubber circuits is positioned in a parallel-type arrangement with one of the plurality of coils, wherein one snubber circuit of the plurality of snubber circuits includes a capacitor coupled to a resistor in a series-type arrangement.
8. The sensorless electric motor system of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit includes a microcontroller.
9. The sensorless electric motor system of claim 1 , wherein the power supply circuit includes a first AC-to-DC converter configured to convert AC power from an AC power source to DC power at the first DC voltage.
10. The sensorless electric motor system of claim 9 , wherein the power supply includes a second AC-to-DC converter and a capacitor on the AC side configured to float the DC voltage provided to the control circuit.
11. The sensorless electric motor system of claim 9 , wherein the second AC-to-DC converter is configured to convert AC power from the AC source to DC power at the second DC voltage.
12. The sensorless electric motor system of claim 1 , wherein the electric motor is a unipolar electric motor.
13. The sensorless electric motor system of claim 1 , wherein the second DC voltage is derived from the first DC voltage.
14. The sensorless electric motor system of claim 13 , wherein the control circuit monitors the back EMF by monitoring a magnitude of the second DC voltage.