Oxidation of alkylaromatic compounds
In a process for oxidizing an alkylaromatic compound to the corresponding hydroperoxide, a feed comprising an alkylaromatic compound is contacted with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising a cyclic imide. The contacting is conducted at a temperature of about 90° C. to about 150° C., with the cyclic imide being present in an amount between about 0.05 wt % and about 5 wt % of the alkylaromatic compound in the feed and the catalyst being substantially free of alkali metal compounds. The contacting oxidizes at least part of the alkylaromatic compound in said feed to the corresponding hydroperoxide.
1. A process for oxidizing an alkyaromatic compound to the corresponding alkyaromatic hydroperoxide, the process comprising contacting an alkylaromatic compound of general formula (I):
in which R 3 represents hydrogen, one or more alkyl groups having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a cyclohexyl group, with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a cyclic imide of the general formula (II):
wherein each of R 1 and R 2 is independently selected from hydrocarbyl and substituted hydrocarbyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or from the groups SO 3 H, NH 2 , OH, and NO 2 or from the atoms H, F, Cl, Br, and I, provided that R 1 and R 2 can be linked to one another via a covalent bond;
each of Q 1 and Q 2 is independently selected from C, CH, CR 3 ;
each of X and Z is independently selected from C, S, CH 2 , N, P and elements of Group 4 of the Periodic Table;
Y is O or OH;
k is 0, 1, or 2;
l is 0, 1, or 2;
m is 1 to 3; and
R 3 can be any of the entities listed for R 1 ; and
wherein said contacting is conducted at a temperature of about 120° C. to about 150° C. and a pressure of between about 15 kPa and about 500 kPa, said cyclic imide is present in an amount between about 0.05 wt % and about 5 wt % of the alkylaromatic compound in said feed, and said catalyst is substantially free of alkali metal compounds, said contacting oxidizing at least part of the alkylaromatic compound in said feed to the corresponding alkylaromatic hydroperoxide.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein said cyclic imide obeys the general formula (II):
wherein each of R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , and R 10 is independently selected from hydrocarbyl and substituted hydrocarbyl radicals having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or from the groups SO 3 H, NH 2 , OH, and NO 2 or from the atoms H, F, Cl, Br, and I,
each of X and Z is independently selected from C, S, CH 2 , N, P and elements of Group 4 of the Periodic Table;
Y is O or OH,
k is 0, 1, or 2, and
l is 0, 1, or 2.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein said cyclic imide comprises N-hydroxyphthalimide.
4. The process of claim 1 , wherein said contacting is conducted at a temperature of between about 125° C. and about 140° C. and a pressure of about 15 kPa to about 150 kPa.
5. The process of claim 1 , wherein said cyclic imide is present in an amount between about 0.1 wt % and about 1 wt % of the alkylaromatic in said feed during said contacting.
6. The process of claim 1 , wherein said cyclic imide is present in an amount between about 0.05 wt % and about 0.5 wt % of the alkylaromatic in said feed during said contacting.
7. The process of claim 1 , wherein said contacting converts at least 4 wt % per hour conversion of said alkylaromatic compound with a selectivity to the corresponding alkylaromatic hydroperoxide of at least 90 wt %.
8. The process of claim 1 , wherein said alkylaromatic compound is cyclohexylbenzene.
9. The process of claim 1 , further comprising the step of:
cleaving the alkylaromatic hydroperoxide to produce phenol and the corresponding ketone.
10. The process of claim 9 , wherein the cleaving is conducted in the presence of a catalyst.
11. The process of claim 9 , wherein the cleaving is conducted in the presence of a homogeneous catalyst.
12. The process of claim 11 , wherein said homogeneous catalyst comprises at least one of sulfuric acid, perchloric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, ferric chloride, boron trifluoride, sulfur dioxide and sulfur trioxide.
13. The process of claim 9 , wherein the cleaving is conducted in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein said heterogeneous catalyst comprises a smectite clay.
15. The process of claim 9 , wherein the cleaving is conducted at a temperature of about 40° C. to about 120° C., a pressure of about 100 to about 1000 kPa, and a liquid hourly space velocity (LHSV) based on the hydroperoxide of about 1 to about 50 hr −1 .