Photovoltaic power plant
In large PV power plants, grounding of individual PV modules may lead to problems. The present invention overcomes such problems. The basis for the invention is a PV power plant comprising one or more PV generators, each comprising a PV string and an inverter with a DC input and an AC output. The PV string comprises at least one PV module and is electrically connected to the DC input of the inverter. The inverter comprises means for controlling the DC potential at the DC input depending on the DC potential at the AC output. The AC outputs of the inverters are coupled in parallel. The novel feature of the invention is that the PV power plant further comprises an offset voltage source, which controls the DC potential at the AC outputs. Thereby, the DC potential at the DC input will be indirectly controlled, and it is thus possible to ensure that the potentials with respect to ground at the terminals of the PV modules are all non-negative or all non-positive without grounding the PV modules. Ground loops can be avoided, and there is no need for the use of transformer-based inverters.
1. A PV power plant comprising a PV generator, the PV generator comprising a PV string and an inverter with a DC input and an AC output, the PV string comprising at least one PV module and being electrically connected to the DC input, wherein the PV power plant further comprises an offset voltage source, which controls DC potential at the AC outputs, the offset voltage source being connected to an AC side of the inverter between ground and a neutral terminal of the AC output.
2. The PV power plant according to claim 1 , in which the inverter comprises a means for controlling the DC potential at the DC input depending on the DC potential at the AC output.
3. The PV power plant according to claim 1 , further comprising one or more additional PV generators, the AC outputs of the inverters being coupled in parallel.
4. The PV power plant according to claim 1 , in which the output voltage of the offset voltage source depends on one or more of:
the solar irradiation of the PV modules,
the ambient temperature of the PV modules,
an external reference voltage and
the measured potential of one or more of the inputs.
5. The PV power plant according to claim 1 , in which the output voltage of the offset voltage source is time dependent.
6. The PV power plant according to claim 1 , in which the offset voltage source comprises at least one offset PV module.
7. The PV power plant according to claim 6 , in which the offset PV modules are arranged so that they will be subjected to the same solar irradiation and/or the same ambient temperature as the PV modules.
8. The PV power plant according to claim 1 , in which the output voltage of the offset voltage source equals approximately half of the output voltage of the PV strings, and wherein the inverter comprises an electrical equalising circuit, which causes the DC potential at its DC input to be symmetric around the average DC potential at its AC output.
9. The PV power plant according to claim 1 , in which the power plant further comprises an isolation transformer having a primary side connected to the AC outputs, a secondary side and a neutral terminal on the primary side, and that the offset voltage source is connected between ground and the neutral terminal.
10. The PV power plant according to claim 9 , in which the AC outputs and the isolation transformer comprise one or more phases.
11. The PV power plant according to claim 1 , in which the offset voltage source forms part of one inverter.
12. The PV power plant according to claim 1 , in which the offset voltage source is programmable and/or can be turned off.
13. A method of controlling a PV power plant, the PV power plant comprising at least one inverter with a DC input electrically connected to a PV string, an AC output and a means for controlling the DC potential at the DC input depending on the DC potential at the AC output, the method comprising that of controlling the DC potential at the AC outputs by use of an offset voltage source connected to an AC side of the at least one inverter between ground and a neutral terminal of the AC output.
14. The method of claim 13 further comprising the step of adjusting the voltage of the voltage source to hold the voltage of one of the DC inputs at a voltage offset with respect to ground.
15. The method of claim 14 in which the voltage offset is substantially zero.
16. The method according to claim 13 , further comprising the step of turning the offset voltage source off.
17. The PV power plant of claim 1 , wherein the inverter comprises a three-phase AC output.