Silver ribbons, methods of their making and applications thereof
View Patent ↗A silver salt solution and a reducing agent solution are added to an aqueous dispersing polymer solution to precipitate silver ribbons.
1. A method of making a low density porous solid silver article comprising:
a. providing an acidified aqueous dispersing polymer solution,
b. providing an aqueous solution of a reducing agent,
c. providing an aqueous silver salt solution,
d. contacting the silver salt and the reducing agent solution to the aqueous dispersing polymer solution to form a final solution, from which silver ribbons precipitate
e. dispersing the silver ribbons with water or an organic solvent, and
f. removing the water or organic solvent so that the porous solid silver article remains, wherein the silver article has a density of less than 3 g/cm 3 and
g. heating the porous solid silver article at a temperature of 100 to 450° C. for 1 to 120 minutes.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein (f) comprises:
allowing the water or the organic solvent to evaporate, or
filtering the silver ribbons from the water or the organic solvent to form a wet cake and allowing the water or the organic solvent to evaporate from the wet cake.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the water or organic solvent is evaporated at about 45° C.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, after (1):
h. mechanically breaking up the porous solid silver article into particles.
5. The method of claim 4 , further comprising after (h):
i. packing the particles in a mold and applying heat to fuse the particles together in order to produce a low density silver monolith.
6. The method of claim 5 , further comprising after (i):
j. depositing catalytic materials, energy storage materials, or energy generation materials on the low density silver monolith.
7. The method of claim 5 , further comprising after (h) and before (i):
k. passing the particles through one or more mesh screens to obtain screened particles having an average size equal to or smaller than a size of openings in the one or more mesh screens, and wherein only the screened particles are packed in the mold in (i).
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acidified aqueous dispersing polymer solution includes a rigid rod polymer selected from the group consisting of sulfonates of naphthalene, carboxylates of naphthalene, phosphates of naphthalene, and combinations thereof.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the rigid rod polymer is poly-naphthalene sulfonic acid.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein a concentration of the rigid rod polymer in the final solution is about 4 to about 40 grams per mole of silver.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein the acidified aqueous dispersing polymer solution includes an acid selected from the group consisting of HCl, H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 , HClO 4 , and combinations thereof.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein the acid is HNO 3 .
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein a concentration of the acid in the final solution is from about 0.001 to 0.5 M.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the reducing agent is selected from the group consisting of ascorbic acid, erythorbic acid, citric acid, oxalic acid, formic acid, LiAlH 4 , NaBH 4 , SnCl 2 , sulfites, hydrazine, phosphorous acid, phosphites, and combinations thereof.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the reducing agent is at least one of ascorbic acid and erythorbic acid.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein a concentration of the reducing agent in the final solution is about 0.001 to about 1 M.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the silver salt is selected from the group consisting of silver nitrate, silver chloride, silver bromide, silver iodide, silver phosphate, silver sulfate, and combinations thereof.
18. The method of claim 17 , wherein the silver salt is silver nitrate.
19. The method of claim 17 , wherein a concentration of the silver salt provides silver ions at a concentration of about 0.0001 to 0.35 M in the final solution.