Process for making linear dicarboxylic acids from renewable resources
This invention provides a process of making a linear dicarboxylic acid of C 10 , C 12 , C 14 , C 16 or C 18 chain length, the process comprising providing a feed which is a renewable resource, contacting the feed with a catalyst in the presence of hydrogen and at a temperature of about 250° C. to about 425° C. and at a pressure of about 500 psig to about 2500 psig (3450 kPa to about 17,250 kPa) to produce a hydrocarbon product having at least a 5:1 ratio of even-numbered alkanes to odd-numbered alkanes and comprising a linear alkane of C n chain length; and fermenting at least a portion of the linear alkane of C n chain length to a linear dicarboxylic acid of C n chain length, wherein n=10, 12, 14, 16 or 18. The catalyst comprises an oxide, molybdenum, and one or more active metals selected from the group consisting of nickel, cobalt, and mixtures thereof and the catalyst is in sulfided form.
1. A process of making a linear dicarboxylic acid of C n chain length, comprising:
(a) providing a feed that is a renewable resource;
(b) contacting the feed with a catalyst in the presence of hydrogen to produce a hydrocarbon product having at least a 10:1 ratio of even-numbered alkanes to odd-numbered alkanes and comprising a linear alkane of C n chain length; and
(c) fermenting at least a portion of the linear alkane of C n chain length to a linear dicarboxylic acid of C n chain length;
wherein n=10, 12, 14, 16 or 18; and
wherein the catalyst comprises alumina-supported, pre-sulfided cobalt, nickel and molybdenum.
2. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feed is contacted with the catalyst in the presence of hydrogen at a temperature of about 250° C. to about 425° C. and at a pressure of about 500 psig to about 2500 psig.
3. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feed comprises
(a) an oil derived from plants and/or animals and comprising one or more free fatty acids and/or one or more triglycerides, the oil comprising at least about 5 mole % of a linear fatty acid of C n chain length, and/or at least about 5 mole % of a triglyceride derived from a linear fatty acid of C n chain length;
(b) an alkyl ester of a fatty acid derived from triglycerides, the ester comprising at least about 5 mole % of an ester of a linear fatty acid of C n chain length; or
(c) a mixture thereof.
4. The process of claim 3 , wherein the feed comprises an oil comprising at least about 5 mole % of a linear fatty acid of C n chain length.
5. The process of claim 3 , wherein the fatty acid is selected from the group consisting of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, and a combination of these.
6. The process of claim 3 , wherein the feed comprises a vegetable oil selected from the group consisting of coconut oil, palm kernel oil, palm oil, rapeseed oil, canola oil, soybean oil, cottonseed oil, and a combination of these.
7. The process of claim 3 , wherein the feed comprises poultry fat, yellow grease, tallow, or a combination of these.
8. The process of claim 3 , wherein the feed comprises an ester of a fatty acid derived from triglycerides, the ester comprising at least about 5 mole % of an ester of a linear fatty acid of C n chain length.
9. The process of claim 1 , wherein n=12, 14 or 16.
10. The process of claim 3 , wherein n=12, 14 or 16.
11. The process of claim 1 , wherein the concentration of metal in the catalyst is about 0.1 to about 90 percent by weight, based on the total weight of the catalyst.
12. The process of claim 1 , wherein the feed is a renewable resource obtained from a bio-diesel or green diesel process.
13. The process of claim 1 , wherein the linear alkane of C n chain length, or portion thereof, is fermented with a yeast.
14. The process of claim 13 , wherein the yeast is a transformed Candida maltosa strain.
15. The process of claim 13 , wherein the yeast is a transformed Pichia pastoris strain.
16. The process of claim 1 , further comprising a step of polymerizing the linear dicarboxylic acid of C n chain length.
17. The process of claim 1 , wherein n=16 or 18.
18. The process of claim 1 , wherein the hydrocarbon product has a 13.5:1 ratio of C 18 to C 17 alkanes.