Thermal cycling system comprising transport heater

1. A thermal cycling system, comprising:

a plurality of heating devices for thermally cycling a sample, each of the plurality of heating devices comprising a transparent substrate with a major surface and a minor surface, each of the transparent substrates comprising sapphire and having a heating element integrated therein, the heating element of each of the transparent substrates being a resistive heating wire,

a cartridge having at least one opening;

a chamber adapted to receive a sample, the chamber being accommodated in the at least one opening of the cartridge and formed as a component separate from the heating device, the chamber comprising a top face and a bottom face that define respective major surfaces of the chamber, each of the top and bottom faces comprising a transparent foil, the transparent foil of the top face being disposed adjacent the transparent substrate of a first of the plurality of heating devices such that, at least during operation, the transparent foil of the top face enters into contact with the major surface of the transparent substrate of the first of the plurality of heating devices, the transparent foil of the top face being sufficiently flexible such that it can expand toward the transparent substrate of the first heating device when the chamber is heated with the sample contained therein, the transparent foil of the bottom face being disposed adjacent the transparent substrate of a second of the plurality of heating devices such that, at least during operation, the transparent foil of the bottom face enters into contact with the major surface of the transparent substrate of the second of the plurality of heating devices, the transparent foil of the bottom face being sufficiently flexible such that it can expand toward the transparent substrate of the second heating device when the chamber is heated with the sample contained therein, the respective transparent foils of the top and bottom faces and the major surfaces of the respective transparent substrates of the first and second heating devices having a flat shape to facilitate thermal cycling through the respective major surfaces of the chamber; and

a monitor,

wherein the cartridge abuts the chamber without obstructing light from entering into or out of the chamber through the major surfaces of the chamber,

wherein the heating wire of each of the transparent substrates is formed as a ring that forms a window through which light can pass; and

wherein the transparent substrates of the first and second heating devices, the transparent foils of the top and bottom faces and the monitor are aligned such that light can pass through the transparent substrates and the transparent foils and to the monitor to permit the monitor to optically detect a sample in the chamber through the windows formed by the resistive heating wires of the respective transparent substrates.

2. The thermal cycling system according to claim 1 , further comprising a light source disposed to emit light that passes through the transparent substrates and the transparent foils and to the monitor to permit the monitor to optically detect a sample in the chamber through the windows formed by the resistive heating wires of the respective transparent substrates.

3. The thermal cycling system according to claim 1 , wherein the respective transparent foils of the top and bottom faces are disposed with respect to the major surfaces of the respective transparent substrates of the first and second heating devices so as to limit expansion of the respective transparent foils whereby to increase pressure inside the chamber when the chamber is heated and the respective transparent foils expand.

4. The thermal cycling system according to claim 1 , wherein at least one of the plurality of heating devices comprises at least one sensor for detecting a temperature of the transparent substrate of the at least one of the plurality of heating devices.

5. The thermal cycling system according to claim 4 , wherein the at least one sensor is disposed in a groove of the transparent substrate of the at least one of the plurality of heating devices.

6. The thermal cycling system according to claim 1 , further comprising at least one holder that holds the plurality of heating devices.

7. The thermal cycling system according to claim 6 , wherein the holder is coupled to a spring for pressing the transparent substrates of the first and second heating devices against the chamber.

8. The thermal cycling system according to claim 1 , wherein each of the transparent substrates of the first and second heating devices has a specific heat value lower than 0.9 J/g*K.

9. The thermal cycling system according to claim 1 , wherein the heating elements of each of the transparent substrates is transparent and is made of indium oxide.

10. The thermal cycling system according to claim 1 , wherein the chamber occupies an entirety of the at least one opening of the cartridge.

11. A thermal cycling system, comprising:

at least one heating device for thermally cycling a sample, the at least one heating device comprising a transparent substrate with a major surface and a minor surface, the transparent substrate comprising sapphire and having a heating element integrated therein, the heating element being a resistive heating wire,

a cartridge having at least one opening;

a chamber adapted to receive a sample, the chamber being accommodated in the at least one opening of the cartridge and being formed as a component separate from the at least one heating device, the chamber comprising a top face and a bottom face that define respective major surfaces of the chamber, each of the top and bottom faces comprising a transparent foil with the transparent foil of the top face being disposed adjacent the transparent substrate such that, at least during operation, the transparent foil enters into contact with the major surface of the transparent substrate and enables a thermal cycling of a sample in the chamber, the transparent foil of the top face being sufficiently flexible such that it can expand toward the transparent substrate when the chamber is heated with the sample contained therein; and

a monitor,

wherein the cartridge abuts the chamber without obstructing light from entering into or out of the chamber through the major surfaces of the chamber;

wherein the chamber occupies an entirety of the at least one opening of the cartridge;

wherein the heating wire of the transparent substrate is formed as a ring that forms a window through which light can pass; and

wherein the transparent substrate, the transparent foil of the top face and the monitor are aligned such that light can pass through the transparent substrate and the transparent foil of the top face and to the monitor to permit the monitor to optically detect a sample in the chamber through the window formed by the resistive heating wire of the transparent substrate.

12. The thermal cycling system according to claim 11 , further comprising a light source disposed to emit light that passes through the transparent substrate and the transparent foil and to the monitor to permit the monitor to optically detect a sample in the chamber through the window formed by the resistive heating wire of the transparent substrate.

13. The thermal cycling system according to claim 11 , wherein the transparent foil and the major surface of the transparent substrate are flat in shape and the transparent foil is disposed with respect to the major surface of the transparent substrate so as to limit expansion of the transparent foil whereby to increase pressure inside the chamber when the chamber is heated and the transparent foil expands.

14. The thermal cycling system according to claim 11 , wherein the at least one heating device comprises at least one sensor for detecting a temperature of the transparent substrate.

15. The thermal cycling system according to claim 14 , wherein the at least one sensor is disposed in a groove of the transparent substrate.

16. The thermal cycling system according to claim 11 , further comprising at least one holder that holds the at least one heating device.

17. The thermal cycling system according to claim 16 , wherein the holder is coupled to a spring for pressing the transparent substrate against the chamber.

18. The thermal cycling system according to claim 11 , wherein the transparent substrate has a specific heat value lower than 0.9 J/g*K.

19. The thermal cycling system according to claim 11 , wherein the heating element is made of indium oxide.