Forms of rifaximin and uses thereof

1. A rifaximin polymorph Form kappa, a rifaximin polymorph Form theta, a rifaximin:piperazine cocrystal 1 or a rifaximin:piperazine cocrystal 2 wherein:

the polymorph Form kappa exhibits an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having characteristic peaks expressed in degrees 2θ at

6.45-6.67, 6.83-6.94 and 7.68-7.78;

6.45-6.67, 6.83-6.94 and 18.46-18.61;

6.45-6.67, 6.83-6.94 and 7.52-7.56;

6.83-6.94, 7.68-7.78 and 18.46-18.61;

6.45-6.67, 6.83-6.94, 7.68-7.78 and 18.46-18.61;

6.83-6.94, 7.52-7.56, 7.68-7.78 and 18.46-18.61;

6.45-6.67, 6.83-6.94, 7.52-7.56, 7.68-7.78 and 18.46-18.61;

6.45-6.67, 6.83-6.94, 7.52-7.56, 7.68-7.78, 8.30-8.34 and 18.46-18.61; or

5.41-5.65, 6.45-6.67, 6.83-6.94, 7.52-7.56, 7.68-7.78, 8.30-8.34 and 18.46-18.61;

the polymorph Form theta exhibits an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having characteristic peaks expressed in degrees 2θ at

5.48, 7.00, 7.75, 8.72, 9.09, or 10.96;

5.48, 7.00, 7.75, 8.72, 9.09, and 10.96;

5.48, 7.00, 7.75, or 5.48, 7.75, and 8.72;

5.48, 7.00, and 8.72;

5.48, 8.72, and 9.09;

5.48, 9.09, and 10.96;

7.75, 8.72, and 9.09;

7.00, 7.75, 8.72, and 10.96;

8.72, 9.09, and 10.96;

7.00, 7.75, 8.72, and 10.96; or

7.00, 8.72, and 10.96;

the rifaximin:piperazine cocrystal 1 exhibits an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having characteristic peaks expressed in degrees 2θ at

5.74, 6.58, 7.49, 8.21, and 9.83;

5.74, 7.49, 8.21, and 9.83;

5.74, 6.58, 8.21, and 9.83;

5.74, 6.58, 7.49, and 9.83; or

5.74, 6.58, 7.49, and 8.21; and

the rifaximin:piperazine cocrystal 2 exhibits an X-ray powder diffraction pattern having characteristic peaks expressed in degrees 2θ at

3.64, 5.58, 6.45, 7.29, 7.60, 8.27, and 9.01;

5.58, 6.45, 7.29, 7.60, 8.27, and 9.01;

3.64, 6.45, 7.29, 7.60, 8.27, and 9.01;

3.64, 5.58, 7.29, 7.60, 8.27, and 9.01;

3.64, 5.58, 6.45, 7.60, 8.27, and 9.01;

3.64, 5.58, 6.45, 7.29, 7.60, and 9.01;

3.64, 5.58, 6.45, 7.29, 7.60, and 8.27; or

3.64, 5.58, 6.45, 7.29, and 7.60.

2. The rifaximin polymorph Form kappa, Form theta, rifaximin:piperazine cocrystal 1 or rifaximin:piperazine cocrystal 2 according to claim 1 , containing less than 5% by weight total impurities.

3. The rifaximin polymorph Form kappa, Form theta, rifaximin:piperazine cocrystal 1 or rifaximin:piperazine cocrystal 2 according to claim 1 , wherein the compound is at least 50% pure, or at least 75% pure, or at least 80% pure, or at least 90% pure, or at least 95% pure, or at least 98% pure.

4. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the rifaximin polymorph Form kappa, Form theta, rifaximin:piperazine cocrystal 1 or rifaximin:piperazine cocrystal 2 according to claim 1 ; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

5. The composition according to claim 1 , wherein one or more of rifaximin polymorph Form kappa, Form theta, rifaximin:piperazine cocrystal 1 or rifaximin:piperazine cocrystal 2 are formulated as coated or uncoated tablets, hard or soft gelatin capsules, sugar-coated pills, lozenges, wafer sheets, pellets or powders in sealed packets.

6. A process for producing rifaximin polymorph Form kappa of claim 1 , comprising agitating rifaximin polymorph Form a of rifaximin below 60° C. until a precipitate results; and filtering said precipitate.