Artificial retina device with stimulating and ground return electrodes disposed on opposite sides of the neuroretina and method of attachment

1. An artificial retina device to electrically stimulate a neuroretina of an eye to produce artificial vision, the artificial retina device comprising:

an electrical source;

at least one stimulating electrode connected with the electrical source; and

at least one ground return electrode connected with the electrical source, the at least one stimulating electrode and the at least one ground electrode configured to be disposed on different sides of the neuroretina

wherein either of the at least one stimulating electrode or the at least one ground electrode is configured to be disposed on the epiretinal side of the neuroretina to provide an electric field through or transverse the neuroretina.

2. An artificial retina device to electrically stimulate tissue in an eye of a person, the artificial retina device comprising:

at least one stimulating electrode connected with an electrical source; and

at least one ground return electrode connected with the electrical source, wherein the stimulating electrode and ground return electrode are configured to be disposed on different sides of the tissue, wherein an electric field generated by the at least one stimulating electrode and the at least one ground return electrode passes through the tissue

wherein either of the at least one stimulating electrode or the at least one ground electrode is configured to be disposed on the epiretinal side of the neuroretina to provide an electric field through or transverse the neuroretina.

3. The artificial retina device of claim 2 , further comprising an elongate extension connecting the at least one ground return electrode with the at least one stimulating electrode.

4. The artificial retina device of claim 3 , wherein the elongate extension is curved and the at least one ground return electrode terminates at a tip of the elongate extension.

5. The artificial retina device of claim 3 , wherein the at least one stimulating electrode and the at least one ground return electrode are configured to generate the electric field that transretinally stimulates a neuroretina.

6. The artificial retina device of claim 2 , wherein the at least one stimulating electrode comprises an array of stimulating subunits, each subunit including at least a photodetector.

7. The artificial retina device of claim 6 , wherein the photodetectors are connected in series.

8. The artificial retina device of claim 1 , further comprising a stress layer configured to shape the at least one ground electrode unit.

9. A method of providing for electrical stimulation to neuroretinal cells in an eye of a patient, the method comprising:

providing at least one stimulating electrode;

providing a ground return electrode connected to the stimulating electrode;

positioning the stimulating electrode adjacent to a neuroretina; and

positioning the ground return electrode spaced from the neuroretina and separated from the stimulating electrode by at least one layer of cells, tissue or by vitreous fluid, wherein either of the at least one stimulating electrode or the at least one ground electrode is disposed on the epiretinal side of the neuroretina to provide an electric field through or transverse the neuroretina.

10. The method of claim 9 , wherein the ground return electrode is positioned in a vitreous cavity.

11. The method of claim 9 , wherein the ground return electrode is positioned outside of a vitreous cavity.

12. The method of claim 9 , wherein the ground return electrode is positioned outside of an eye.

13. The method of claim 9 , wherein the ground return electrode is positioned outside of a sclera.

14. The method of claim 9 , wherein the ground return electrode is positioned on a sclera surface outside of the eye.

15. The method of claim 9 , further comprising energizing the stimulating electrode, wherein the stimulating electrode and the ground electrode cooperate to direct an electrical field through the neuroretina.