TRAIL trimers, methods and uses therefor
Disclosed are TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) trimers (TR3) and nucleic acids encoding covalently linked TRAIL trimers. A TRAIL trimer can have greater stability compared to native TRAIL, and can retain the native killing ability of TRAIL. Target specificity of a TR3 can be shown by blocking its activity with soluble death receptor 5 (DR5-Fc). Also disclosed are modified TRAIL trimers and nucleic. acids encoding them. These modifications include additional functional domains, such as antibody fragments (scFvs). A TR3 comprising an additional functional domain can allow for cell-specific delivery of the TR3. The inventors disclose TR3-decorated RBCs that target cell killing in a model of pancreatic cancer.
1. A trimer of a TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), comprising:
three consecutive extracellular TRAIL domains fused together in a head-to-tail configuration;
a cell-targeting domain; and
a spacer between the cell-targeting domain and the TRAIL domains, wherein the spacer comprises globular domains of human complement regulatory proteins decay accelerating factor (DAF, CD55) and/or complement receptor 1 (CR1, CD35).
2. A trimer in accordance with claim 1 , wherein the spacer comprises four SCRs.