Silane-containing pigment particles for electrophoretic display

1. A pigment particle suitable for use in an electrophoretic display, comprising

(a) a core pigment particle,

(b) one inner layer wherein said inner layer comprises at least one silane linking moiety comprising a polar group and a polymer linking end group and is coupled to the surface of the core pigment particle,

(c) one outer layer wherein said outer layer comprises polymer stabilizers, formed from reaction of monomers, oligomers or polymers, and each is linked to the polymer end linking group on the silane linking moiety, and

the inner layer is about 4% to about 7% by weight of the total weight of the pigment particle, wherein the total weight of the pigment particle includes the weight of the core pigment particle and the weight of the two layers.

2. The pigment particle of claim 1 , wherein said core pigment particle is an organic, inorganic or polymeric pigment particle.

3. The pigment particle of claim 1 , wherein said core pigment particle is a black pigment particle.

4. The pigment particle of claim 1 , wherein the outer layer is about 1.5% to about 3.5%, by weight, of the total particle weight.

5. The pigment particle of claim 1 , wherein said polar group is —NH—.

6. The pigment particle of claim 1 , wherein said polar group is —OH or —COOH.

7. The pigment particle of claim 1 , wherein the polymer linking end group is a vinyl, acrylate or methacrylate group.

8. The pigment particle of claim 1 , wherein the silane moiety is formed from a silane coupling agent selected from the group consisting of N-(3-acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-(N-allylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane, 3-(N-styrylmethyl-2-aminoethylamino)-propyltrimethoxysilane and vinylbenzylaminoethylaminopropyl-trimethoxysilane.

9. The pigment particle of claim 1 , wherein the polymer stabilizers are formed from polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylate, polyurethane, polyester or polysiloxane.

10. The pigment particle of claim 1 , wherein the polymer stabilizers are formed from lauryl acrylate, lauryl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, hexyl acrylate, hexyl methacrylate, n-octyl acrylate, n-octyl methacrylate, n-octadecyl acrylate, or n-octadecyl methacrylate.

11. The pigment particle of claim 1 , wherein the outer layer is a cross-linked polymer network.

12. The pigment particle of claim 1 , wherein the surface of the core pigment particle is further coupled with a second silane moiety which comprises a second polymer linking end group, but not a polar group.

13. The pigment particle of claim 12 , wherein the second polymer linking end group on the second silane moiety is a vinyl, acrylate or methacrylate group.

14. The pigment particle of claim 12 , wherein the silane linking moiety is formed from a silane coupling agent of N-(3-acryloxy-2-hydroxypropyl)-3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane or 3-(N-allylamino)propyltrimethoxysilane, and the second silane moiety is formed from a silane coupling agent of (3-acryloxypropyl)trimethoxysilane or methacryloxyloxypropyl-trimethoxysilane.

15. The pigment particle of claim 1 , wherein the surface of the core pigment particle is further coupled with a second silane moiety which comprises a polar group, but not a polymer linking end group.

16. The pigment particle of claim 15 , wherein the polar group on the second silane moiety is —NH—.

17. An electrophoretic fluid comprising the pigment particles of claim 1 dispersed in solvent or solvent mixture.

18. An electrophoretic fluid comprising the pigment particles of claim 4 dispersed in solvent or solvent mixture.

19. An electrophoretic fluid comprising two types of charged pigment particles, wherein at least one type of the charged pigment particles are the pigment particles of claim 1 .

20. An electrophoretic display device comprising display cells filled with an electrophoretic fluid of claim 17 .

21. An electrophoretic display device comprising display cells filled with the electrophoretic fluid of claim 19 .