Branched low profile additives and methods of production
View Patent ↗The invention pertains to low profile additives (“LPA”) comprising branched polymers having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of at least about 20,000 grams/mole and a number average molecular weight (Mn) of at least about 3,000 grams/mole and methods for making the LPAs. The invention further concerns compositions comprising LPAs synthesized from one or more difunctional monomers and one or more branching agents. Also, disclosed are thermosettable resinous compositions and molded articles comprising the LPAs.
1. A composition comprising:
a) a resin selected from the group consisting of an unsaturated polyester resin, a vinyl ester resin, and mixtures thereof;
b) one or more unsaturated monomers copolymerizable with the resin; and
c) a low profile additive consisting of a branched polyester resin comprising the reaction product of i) one or more epoxide branching agents selected from the group consisting of a polyepoxide, an epoxidized vegetable oil, and combinations thereof, ii) one or more diols selected from the group consisting of HO—(CH 2 ) n —OH wherein n is 2 to 10, a cyclic diol, a bicyclic diol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 2-methyl 1,3-propanediol, neopentyl glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, and combinations thereof, iii) one or more diacids or anhydrides thereof;
wherein:
at least one of the epoxide branching agents comprises three or more epoxide function groups; and
the low profile additive comprises about 0.1 mole % to about 10 mole % of the epoxide branching agent.
2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the diacid or anhydride thereof is selected from the group consisting of a saturated aliphatic diacid or an anhydride thereof, an aromatic diacid or an anhydride thereof, and combinations thereof.
3. The composition of claim 2 wherein the saturated aliphatic diacid or an anhydride thereof is linear.
4. The composition of claim 2 wherein the saturated aliphatic diacid is selected from the group consisting of succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecanedionic acid, dodecanedionic acid, cyclohexane dicarboxylic acid, a dinner acid, and combinations thereof.
5. The composition of claim 2 wherein the aromatic diacid is selected from the group consisting of phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, bisphenyl-4,4′-docarboxylic acid, diphenic acid, 2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylic acid, and combinations thereof.
6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the diol having the structure HO—(CH 2 ) n —OH where n is 2 to 10 is selected from the group consisting of ethylene glycol, 1,3-propylene glycol, butanediol, hexane diol, and combinations thereof.
7. The composition of claim 1 wherein the polyepoxide is selected from the group consisting of a polyglycidyl ether of a polyphenol, a modified epoxy resin with acrylate or urethane moieties, a glycidylamine epoxy resin, a novolac epoxy resin, and combinations thereof.
8. The composition of claim 7 wherein the polyglycidyl ether of a polyphenol is selected from the group consisting of bisphenol A, bisphenol-F, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy phenyl) ethane, 1,1-bis(4-hydroxy phenyl) isobutene, and combinations thereof.
9. The composition of claim 1 wherein the epoxidized vegetable oil is selected from the group consisting of epoxidized soybean oil and epoxidized linseed oil.
10. The composition of claim 1 wherein the low profile additive comprises about 1 mole % to about 5 mole % of the branching agent.
11. A composite material comprising the composition of claim 1 .
12. The composite material of claim 11 further wherein the amount of low profile additive is between about 5 to about 35 parts solid per 100 weight parts of the total amount of resin, the low profile additive and the unsaturated monomer.
13. The composite material of claim 11 further comprising another low profile additive selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl acetate, polystyrene, polymethyl methacrylate, and combinations thereof.
14. The composite material of claim 11 further comprising one or more enhancers selected from the group consisting of tall oil fatty acid capped adipic acid diethylene glycol oligomers, octyl epoxy tallate, epoxidized linseed oil, tall oil fatty acid capped multi functional epoxy, fatty acid capped multi functional polyols, and combinations thereof.
15. A molded article comprising the composite material of claim 11 .
16. The composition of claim 1 wherein the cyclic diol is cyclohexane diol.
17. The composition of claim 1 wherein the bicyclic diol is isosorbide.
18. The composition of claim 1 wherein the branched polyester resin further comprises at least one branching agent selected from the group consisting of a polyacid, glycerol, pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, a polyester polyol, a vegetable oil-based polyol, a hydroxy-containing vegetable oils, a polyfunctional monomer containing more than one type of functional group, a soybean oil, and combinations thereof.