Methods, apparatuses, and computer program products for identifying a region of interest within a mammogram image

1. A method for identifying a region of interest within a mammogram image, the method comprising:

applying a clustering algorithm to a histogram of the mammogram image to identify a predefined number of threshold values;

determining a predefined number of seed values based at least in part on the identified threshold values;

generating, by a processor, a kernel image for each of the seed values by at least:

generating a first kernel image having a distribution centered around a first seed value and representing pixels corresponding to a low intensity breast region including a breast skin line;

generating a second kernel image having a distribution centered around a second seed value and representing pixels corresponding to a medium intensity breast region including soft breast tissue; and

generating a third kernel image having a distribution centered around a third seed value and representing pixels corresponding to a high intensity breast region including any calcified regions of the breast; and

using the generated kernel images to identify a region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image.

2. The method of claim 1 , wherein applying the clustering algorithm to the histogram of the mammogram image comprises:

clustering the histogram into three clusters; and

identifying two threshold values on the basis of the three clusters.

3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the first cluster represents a low intensity breast region including a breast skin line, the second cluster represents a medium intensity breast region including soft breast tissue, and the third cluster represents a high intensity breast region including any calcified regions of the breast.

4. The method of claim 1 , wherein determining a predefined number of seed values comprises determining three seed values comprising a first seed value comprising a weighted mean representing low intensity breast region including a breast skin line, a second seed value comprising a weighted mean representing a medium intensity breast region including soft breast tissue, and a third seed value comprising a weighted mean representing a high intensity breast region including any calcified regions of the breast.

5. The method of claim 1 , wherein generating a kernel image for each of the seed values comprises, for each seed value, applying a probability distribution kernel to the pixel values of the mammogram image.

6. The method of claim 1 , wherein using the generated kernel images to identify a region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image comprises:

dividing the kernel images into a plurality of regions;

fitting each region with a polynomial;

labeling each of a plurality of portions of the mammogram image as either breast or background based at least in part on a polynomial fit to a corresponding region of one or more of the kernel images to generate a binary image; and

identifying the region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image based at least in part on the binary image.

7. The method of claim 6 , wherein labeling each of a plurality of portions of the mammogram image as either breast or background comprises labeling a portion breast in an instance in which a polynomial fit to a corresponding region of one or more of the kernel images has an order satisfying a threshold order.

8. The method of claim 6 , wherein using the generated kernel images to identify a region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image further comprises:

determining a largest contiguous portion of the binary image labeled as breast; and

wherein identifying the region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image based at least in part on the binary image comprises identifying the region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image as the region within the mammogram image corresponding to the determined largest contiguous portion of the binary image labeled as breast.

9. An apparatus for identifying a region of interest within a mammogram image, the apparatus comprising at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to at least:

apply a clustering algorithm to a histogram of the mammogram image to identify a predefined number of threshold values;

determine a predefined number of seed values based at least in part on the identified threshold values;

generate a kernel image for each of the seed values by at least:

generating a first kernel image having a distribution centered around a first seed value and representing pixels corresponding to a low intensity breast region including a breast skin line;

generating a second kernel image having a distribution centered around a second seed value and representing pixels corresponding to a medium intensity breast region including soft breast tissue; and

generating a third kernel image having a distribution centered around a third seed value and representing pixels corresponding to a high intensity breast region including any calcified regions of the breast; and

use the generated kernel images to identify a region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image.

10. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to apply the clustering algorithm to the histogram of the mammogram image at least in part by:

clustering the histogram into three clusters; and

identifying two threshold values on the basis of the three clusters.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 , wherein the first cluster represents a low intensity breast region including a breast skin line, the second cluster represents a medium intensity breast region including soft breast tissue, and the third cluster represents a high intensity breast region including any calcified regions of the breast.

12. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to determine a predefined number of seed values at least in part by determining three seed values comprising a first seed value comprising a weighted mean representing low intensity breast region including a breast skin line, a second seed value comprising a weighted mean representing a medium intensity breast region including soft breast tissue, and a third seed value comprising a weighted mean representing a high intensity breast region including any calcified regions of the breast.

13. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to generate a kernel image for each of the seed values at least in part by, for each seed value, applying a probability distribution kernel to the pixel values of the mammogram image.

14. The apparatus of claim 9 , wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to use the generated kernel images to identify a region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image at least in part by:

dividing the kernel images into a plurality of regions;

fitting each region with a polynomial;

labeling each of a plurality of portions of the mammogram image as either breast or background based at least in part on a polynomial fit to a corresponding region of one or more of the kernel images to generate a binary image; and

identifying the region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image based at least in part on the binary image.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein labeling each of a plurality of portions of the mammogram image as either breast or background comprises labeling a portion breast in an instance in which a polynomial fit to a corresponding region of one or more of the kernel images has an order satisfying a threshold order.

16. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the apparatus to:

determine a largest contiguous portion of the binary image labeled as breast; and

wherein identifying the region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image based at least in part on the binary image comprises identifying the region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image as the region within the mammogram image corresponding to the determined largest contiguous portion of the binary image labeled as breast.

17. The apparatus of claim 9 , further comprising at least one memory storing instructions that when executed by the at least one processor cause the apparatus to:

apply a clustering algorithm to a histogram of the mammogram image to identify a predefined number of threshold values;

determine a predefined number of seed values based at least in part on the identified threshold values;

generate a kernel image for each of the seed values; and

use the generated kernel images to identify a region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image.

18. A computer program product for identifying a region of interest within a mammogram image, the computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions stored therein, the computer-readable program instructions comprising:

program instructions configured to apply a clustering algorithm to a histogram of the mammogram image to identify a predefined number of threshold values;

program instructions configured to determine a predefined number of seed values based at least in part on the identified threshold values;

program instructions configured to generate a kernel image for each of the seed values by at least:

generating a first kernel image having a distribution centered around a first seed value and representing pixels corresponding to a low intensity breast region including a breast skin line;

generating a second kernel image having a distribution centered around a second seed value and representing pixels corresponding to a medium intensity breast region including soft breast tissue; and

generating a third kernel image having a distribution centered around a third seed value and representing pixels corresponding to a high intensity breast region including any calcified regions of the breast; and

program instructions configured to use the generated kernel images to identify a region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image.

19. A method for identifying a region of interest within a mammogram image, the method comprising:

applying a clustering algorithm to a histogram of the mammogram image to identify a predefined number of threshold values;

determining a predefined number of seed values based at least in part on the identified threshold values;

generating, by a processor, a kernel image for each of the seed values; and

using the generated kernel images to identify a region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image by at least:

dividing the kernel images into a plurality of regions;

fitting each region with a polynomial;

labeling each of a plurality of portions of the mammogram image as either breast or background based at least in part on a polynomial fit to a corresponding region of one or more of the kernel images to generate a binary image; and

identifying the region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image based at least in part on the binary image.

20. The method of claim 19 , wherein labeling each of a plurality of portions of the mammogram image as either breast or background comprises labeling a portion breast in an instance in which a polynomial fit to a corresponding region of one or more of the kernel images has an order satisfying a threshold order.

21. The method of claim 19 , wherein using the generated kernel images to identify a region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image further comprises:

determining a largest contiguous portion of the binary image labeled as breast; and

wherein identifying the region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image based at least in part on the binary image comprises identifying the region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image as the region within the mammogram image corresponding to the determined largest contiguous portion of the binary image labeled as breast.

22. An apparatus for identifying a region of interest within a mammogram image, the apparatus comprising at least one processor, wherein the at least one processor is configured to cause the apparatus to at least:

apply a clustering algorithm to a histogram of the mammogram image to identify a predefined number of threshold values;

determine a predefined number of seed values based at least in part on the identified threshold values;

generate a kernel image for each of the seed values; and

use the generated kernel images to identify a region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image by at least:

dividing the kernel images into a plurality of regions;

fitting each region with a polynomial;

labeling each of a plurality of portions of the mammogram image as either breast or background based at least in part on a polynomial fit to a corresponding region of one or more of the kernel images to generate a binary image; and

identifying the region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image based at least in part on the binary image.

23. The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein labeling each of a plurality of portions of the mammogram image as either breast or background comprises labeling a portion breast in an instance in which a polynomial fit to a corresponding region of one or more of the kernel images has an order satisfying a threshold order.

24. The apparatus of claim 22 , wherein the at least one processor is further configured to cause the apparatus to:

determine a largest contiguous portion of the binary image labeled as breast; and

wherein identifying the region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image based at least in part on the binary image comprises identifying the region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image as the region within the mammogram image corresponding to the determined largest contiguous portion of the binary image labeled as breast.

25. A computer program product for identifying a region of interest within a mammogram image, the computer program product comprising at least one non-transitory computer-readable storage medium having computer-readable program instructions stored therein, the computer-readable program instructions comprising:

program instructions configured to apply a clustering algorithm to a histogram of the mammogram image to identify a predefined number of threshold values;

program instructions configured to determine a predefined number of seed values based at least in part on the identified threshold values;

program instructions configured to generate a kernel image for each of the seed values; and

program instructions configured to use the generated kernel images to identify a region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image by at least:

dividing the kernel images into a plurality of regions;

fitting each region with a polynomial;

labeling each of a plurality of portions of the mammogram image as either breast or background based at least in part on a polynomial fit to a corresponding region of one or more of the kernel images to generate a binary image; and

identifying the region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image based at least in part on the binary image.

26. The computer program product of claim 25 , wherein the program instructions configured to use the generated kernel images label each of a plurality of portions of the mammogram image as either breast or background by labeling a portion breast in an instance in which a polynomial fit to a corresponding region of one or more of the kernel images has an order satisfying a threshold order.

27. The computer program product of claim 25 , computer-readable program instructions further comprise:

program instructions configured to determine a largest contiguous portion of the binary image labeled as breast; and

wherein identifying the region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image based at least in part on the binary image comprises identifying the region of interest comprising a breast within the mammogram image as the region within the mammogram image corresponding to the determined largest contiguous portion of the binary image labeled as breast.