STAINLESS STEEL ALLOY
Stainless steel alloy composition. The stainless steel alloy composition includes rounded carbides and free chromium in a ferrite matrix. The rounded carbides have particle sizes under 5 microns. The rounded carbides include a first quantity of niobium-containing carbide and a second quantity of chromium carbide, and are substantially free of large, irregularly-shaped carbides.
1 . A stainless steel alloy composition, comprising:
rounded carbides in a matrix comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of ferrite and martensite, the rounded carbides having particle sizes under 5 microns, comprising a first quantity of niobium-containing carbide and a second quantity of chromium carbide, and being substantially free of large, irregularly-shaped carbides; and
free chromium in the matrix.
2 . The stainless steel alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the first quantity exceeds the second quantity.
3 . The stainless steel alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the niobium-containing carbide comprises Nb 4 C 3 .
4 . The stainless steel alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the chromium carbide comprises Cr 23 C 6 .
5 . The stainless steel alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the niobium-containing carbide is M 23 C 6 , wherein M comprises niobium and at least one other metal.
6 . The stainless steel alloy composition of claim 1 , wherein the first quantity and the second quantity combined comprise about 4 to about 25 wt. % of the stainless steel alloy composition.
7 . A net shape part material, consisting of a densified alloy of precursor powders, the precursor powders having passed through a −325 U.S. Tyler mesh screen and comprising metal powders of at least carbon, chromium, niobium and iron, the carbon being in a first amount, the niobium being in a second amount that is greater than the first amount, and the chromium being in a third amount that is greater than the second amount.
8 . The net shape part material of claim 7 , wherein the third amount is between about 8.94 and about 17.85 times greater than the second amount.
9 . The net shape part material of claim 8 , wherein the third amount is between about 3.6 and about 16 times greater than the second amount.
10 . The net shape part material of claim 9 , wherein the precursor powders comprise supplemental powders, the supplemental powders comprising any of copper, silicon sulfur, and phosphorous.
11 . The net shape part material of claim 7 , the net shape part material being capable of being cold-worked.
12 . A net shape part, comprising:
a solid, molded structure formed from an alloy, the alloy comprising:
rounded carbides in a matrix comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of ferrite and martensite, the rounded carbides having particle sizes under 5 microns, comprising a first quantity of niobium-containing carbide and a second quantity of chromium carbide, and being substantially free of large, irregularly-shaped carbides; and
free chromium in the matrix.
13 . The net shape part of claim 12 , wherein the solid, molded structure is capable of being cold-worked.
14 . The net shape part of claim 12 , wherein the solid, molded structure has a substantially smooth surface.
15 . The net shape part of claim 12 , wherein the first quantity is greater than the second quantity.
16 . The net shape part of claim 15 , wherein the first quantity and the second quantity combined are about 4 to about 25 wt. % of the alloy.
17 . A method for making a stainless steel alloy net shape part, comprising:
providing a supply of metal powders comprising at least, carbon, niobium chromium and iron, the metal powders having an average particle size of less than about 25 microns;
removing oversized particles from the supply of metal powders to form a supply of sized metal powders consisting essentially of particles no greater than 44 microns in size with less than about 0.5 wt. % of the particles having a size between greater than about 44 microns and about 100 microns;
providing a supply of binder;
compounding the supply of sized metal powders with the supply of binder to form a feedstock;
injecting the feedstock into a near net shape mold, making a green part;
ejecting the green part from the near net shape mold;
debinding the green part, making a brown part;
subjecting the brown part to thermal cycling at a temperature between about 816° C. and about 1093° C.;
sintering the brown part in the furnace at a temperature between about 1246° C. and about 1343° C., making a sintered part;
performing hot isostatic pressing on the sintered part at a temperature between about 899° C. and about 1121° C., making the stainless steel alloy net shape part; and
cooling the stainless steel alloy net shape part at a rate of between about 1° C. per minute to about 7° C. per minute.
18 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the cooling comprises cooling the stainless steel alloy net shape part at a rate of between about 1° C. per minute to about 7° C. per minute and achieving at least about 99 percent of theoretical density without additional heat treatment.
19 . The method of claim 18 , wherein additional heat treatment comprises annealing, austenization or tempering.
20 . The method of claim 18 , further comprising cold working the stainless steel alloy net shape part.
21 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the performing hot isostatic pressing comprises performing hot isostatic pressing on the sintered part for about 4 hours.
22 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the performing hot isostatic pressing comprises performing hot isostatic pressing on the sintered part at a pressure of about 68.95 MPa to about 206.84 MPa.
23 . The method of claim 17 , further comprising heating the feedstock before the injecting.
24 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the compounding comprises forming the feedstock comprising from about 92 weight percent to about 93.5 weight percent metal powders and about 6.5 weight percent to about 8 weight percent binder, the weight percent of the metal powders and the weight percent of the binder totaling 100 wt. %.
25 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the removing comprising screening.
26 . The method of claim 17 , wherein the removing is performed immediately prior to the compounding.
27 . The method of claim 17 , further comprising admixing the metal powders in the supply of metal powders.
28 . A feedstock for molded metal parts, comprising:
metal powders, the metal powders comprising at least carbon, niobium, chromium and iron, the metal powders consisting of particles no greater than −325 U.S. Tyler mesh in size and having an average particle size of less than about 25 microns; and
binder in combination with the metal powders to make the feedstock consisting of about 6.5 wt. % to about 8 wt. % binder and a remaining weight percent of the metal powders.
29 . A method for making a feedstock for molded metal parts, comprising:
providing a supply of metal powders comprising at least, carbon, niobium, chromium and iron, the metal powders having an average particle size of less than about 25 microns;
passing particles from the supply of metal powders through a screen no larger than 325 U.S. Tyler mesh to form a supply of sized metal powders;
providing a supply of binder;
compounding the supply of sized metal powders with the supply of binder to form the feedstock, the feedstock consisting of binder in a range of between about 6.5 wt. % to about 8 wt. % and metal powders in a remaining wt. %.