Norm removal from frac water
View Patent ↗A method for treating low barium frac water includes contacting a frac water stream with a radium selective complexing resin to produce a low radium stream, passing the low radium stream through a thermal brine concentrator to produce a concentrated brine; and passing the concentrated brine through a thermal crystallizer to yield road salt.
1. A method for treating low barium frac water, said method comprising
contacting a frac water stream with a radium selective complexing resin to produce a low radium stream;
passing the low radium stream through a thermal brine concentrator to produce a concentrated brine; and
passing the concentrated brine through a thermal crystallizer to yield solid sodium chloride.
2. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the low barium frac water comprises less than 1,000 ppm barium.
3. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the low barium frac water comprises less than 100 ppm barium.
4. A method according to claim 1 , additionally comprising pretreating the frac water stream to remove iron and manganese prior to contacting with the radium selective complexing resin.
5. A method according to claim 4 , wherein the pretreating the frac water stream to remove iron and manganese comprises
contacting the frac water stream with with lime and air; and
precipitating iron and manganese in a clarifier.
6. A method according to claim 1 , wherein the frac water stream is filtered prior to contacting with the radium selective complexing resin.
7. A method according to claim 1 , additionally comprising contacting the low radium stream with a source of sulfate ion, prior to passing the low radium stream through the thermal brine concentrator.
8. A method according to claim 1 , additionally comprising washing the sodium chloride yielded by the thermal crystallizer.
9. A method according to claim 8 , the sodium chloride meets government standards for use as road salt after washing.
10. A method for treating low barium frac water, said method comprising
pretreating a frac water stream to remove iron and manganese;
contacting the pretreated frac water stream with a radium selective complexing resin to produce a low radium stream;
contacting the low radium stream with a source of sulfate ion;
passing the low radium stream through a thermal brine concentrator to produce a concentrated brine; and
passing the concentrated brine through a thermal crystallizer to yield road salt.
11. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the low barium frac water comprises less than 1,000 ppm barium.
12. A method according to claim 10 , wherein the low barium frac water comprises less than 100 ppm barium.