Anti-viral azide containing compounds
Methods of using azide-modified biomolecules, such as fatty acids, carbohydrates and lipids, to treat a plant, an insect or an animal infected with a virus or to inhibit infectivity of a virus, such as the human immunodeficiency virus, are provided. Also provided are methods of labeling a virus, such as human immunodeficiency virus, with an azide-modified biomolecule, such as a fatty acid, a carbohydrate, or an isoprenoid lipid. Also, provided are methods of tracking a virus in vivo, with an azide-modified biomolecule, such as a fatty acid, a carbohydrate, or an isoprenoid lipid. The azide-modified biomolecules may be combined with a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient to produce a pharmaceutical composition, optionally containing another anti-viral agent and/or a delivery agent, such as a liposome.
1. A method of treating a subject infected with a plant, an insect or an animal virus and in need of treatment for the infection, the method comprising:
administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an azide-modified fatty acid or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,
wherein the fatty acid is one that is attached directly or indirectly to a protein through a palmitoylation pathway reaction in a cell, wherein, the infectivity of the virus is inhibited, thereby treating the subject.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the azide-modified fatty acid is 15-azidopentadecanoic acid or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the virus is an non-human animal virus or a human animal virus.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the virus is a plant virus.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the virus is an insect virus.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the human animal virus is an adenovirus, an astrovirus, a hepadnavirus, a herpesvirus, a papovavirus, a poxvirus, an arenavirus, a bunyavirus, a calcivirus, a coronavirus, a filovirus, a flavivirus, an orthomyxovirus, a paramyxovirus, a picornavirus, a reovirus, a retrovirus, a rhabdovirus, or a togavirus.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the retrovirus is a human immunodeficiency virus or a human T-lymphotrophic virus.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the retrovirus is the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a human.
10. A method of inhibiting the infectivity of a virus, the method comprising:
contacting a cell infected with the virus with an azide-modified fatty acid or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof in an amount effective to inhibit the infectivity of the virus, thereby inhibiting the infectivity of the virus,
wherein the fatty acid is one that is attached directly or indirectly to a protein through a palmitoylation pathway in a cell.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the azide-modified fatty acid is 15-azidopentadecanoic acid or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein the virus is an non-human animal virus or a human animal virus.
13. The method of claim 10 , wherein the virus is a plant virus.
14. The method of claim 10 , wherein the virus is an insect virus.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the human animal virus is an adenovirus, an astrovirus, a hepadnavirus, a herpesvirus, a papovavirus, a poxvirus, an arenavirus, a bunyavirus, a calcivirus, a coronavirus, a filovirus, a flavivirus, an orthomyxovirus, a paramyxovirus, a picornavirus, a reovirus, a retrovirus, a rhabdovirus, or a togavirus.
16. The method of claim 15 , wherein the retrovirus is a human immunodeficiency virus or a human T-lymphotrophic virus.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein the retrovirus is the human immunodeficiency virus, HIV-1.
18. The method of claim 10 , wherein the subject is a human.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein the fatty acid that is attached directly or indirectly to a protein through a palmitoylation pathway in a cell is oleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid or palmitic acid.
20. The method of claim 10 , wherein the fatty acid that is attached directly or indirectly to a protein through a palmitoylation pathway in a cell is oleic acid, linoleic acid, stearic acid or palmitic acid.