Powering high-efficiency lighting devices from a triac-based dimmer
A circuit for powering high-efficiency lighting devices from a thyristor-controlled dimmer predicts a zero-crossing time of the AC power line supplying the dimmer and causes a glue impedance to be imposed at the output of the dimmer starting at the time of the zero-crossing, so that the timer in the dimmer will operate properly to generate the turn-on event at the correct time. At turn-on, a lower level of impedance is presented to absorb the energy associated with the turn-on event. A higher level of impedance may be presented after the energy is absorbed until all of the energy needed for the cycle is transferred. Then, a high impedance state is maintained until the next zero-crossing time. The impedance control may be provided by non-uniform operation of a power converter that supplies the lighting devices, or by a combination of non-uniform power converter operation and dissipative loading.
1. A circuit for powering one or more lighting devices from an output of a thyristor-switched dimmer circuit, comprising:
a power converter having an input for coupling to the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit and at least one output for supplying energy to the one or more lighting devices;
a control circuit having an input coupled to the output of the zero-crossing predicting circuit for determining an active time period for which the power converter transfers energy from the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit, wherein subsequent to the active time period, a high impedance level is presented to the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit during an idle period;
a zero-crossing predicting circuit for calculating a zero-cross time of a voltage of an AC power source coupled to an input of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit; and
a timer coupled to the zero-crossing predicting circuit for triggering application of a glue impedance level to the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit to terminate the idle period at a time substantially equal to the zero-cross time.
2. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the control circuit controls operation of the power converter to apply the glue impedance level such that the glue impedance level is presented to the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit until at least all of the energy required by the one or more lighting devices for a present cycle of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit has been transferred to an output of the power converter.
3. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the power converter comprises:
a first power converter stage having an input coupled to the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit;
a link capacitor coupled to an output of the first power converter stage; and
a second power converter stage having an input coupled to the capacitor for transferring energy from the link capacitor to the one or more lighting devices.
4. The circuit of claim 3 , wherein first power converter stage is coupled to the control circuit so that the control circuit controls the first power converter stage to transfer energy during the active period to charge the link capacitor in excess of the energy transferred from the second power converter stage to the one or more lighting devices during at least a portion of a power line cycle of the AC power source.
5. The circuit of claim 1 , further comprising a load circuit for dissipating energy provided from the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit during the active time period, wherein the control circuit controls the load circuit to provide the glue impedance level at the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit.
6. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the zero-cross predicting circuit is a circuit that computes the zero-cross time of the voltage of the AC power source from a waveshape of the voltage at the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit during the active time period.
7. The circuit of claim 1 , wherein the zero-cross predicting circuit and the timer form part of a phase-lock loop that that calculates the zero-cross time of the voltage of the AC power source from phase comparisons of multiple periods of the AC power source with a phase of the timer.
8. A method of powering one or more lighting devices from an output of a thyristor-switched dimmer circuit, comprising:
supplying energy to the one or more lighting devices by converting energy drawn from the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit;
determining an active time period for which the power converter transfers energy from the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit;
controlling an impedance presented to the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit such that a higher impedance is presented to the output of the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit during an idle period immediately subsequent to the active time period;
predicting a zero-cross time of a voltage of an AC power source coupled to an input of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit; and
responsive to the predicting, applying a glue impedance level to the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit to terminate the idle period at a time substantially equal to the zero-cross time.
9. The method of claim 8 , wherein the controlling controls operation of the converting such that the glue impedance level is presented to the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit until at least all of the energy required by the one or more lighting devices for a present cycle of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit has been converted.
10. The method of claim 8 , wherein the converting comprises:
storing the energy drawn from the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit in a link capacitor in a first converting stage; and
transferring energy from the link capacitor to the one or more lighting devices by a second converting stage.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein the first converting stage transfers energy during the active period to charge the link capacitor in excess of the energy transferred by the second converting stage to the one or more lighting devices during at least a portion of a power line cycle of the AC power source.
12. The method of claim 8 , further comprising dissipating energy provided from the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit during the active time period through a loading circuit, wherein the controlling controls the loading circuit to apply the glue impedance level at the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit during the active time period.
13. The method of claim 8 , wherein the predicting computes the voltage of the AC power source from a waveshape of the voltage at the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit during the active time period.
14. The method of claim 8 , wherein the predicting is performed by a phase-lock loop that that calculates the zero-cross time of the voltage of the AC power source from phase comparisons of multiple periods of the AC power source with a phase of the timer.
15. An integrated circuit for operating a circuit that powers one or more lighting devices from an output of a thyristor-switched dimmer circuit, comprising:
a power converter control circuit having an input for coupling to the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit and an output for controlling a power converter for supplying the one or more lighting devices from the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit;
an impedance control circuit having an input coupled to the output of the zero-crossing predicting circuit for determining an active time period for which the power converter transfers energy from the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit, wherein subsequent to the active time period, a high impedance level is presented to the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit during an idle period;
a zero-crossing predicting circuit for calculating a zero-cross time of a voltage of an AC power source coupled to an input of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit; and
a timer coupled to the zero-crossing predicting circuit for triggering application of a glue impedance level to the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit to terminate the idle period at a time substantially equal to the zero-cross time.
16. The integrated circuit of claim 15 , wherein the impedance control circuit controls operation of the power converter control circuit to apply the glue impedance level such that the glue impedance level is presented to the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit until at least all of the energy required by the one or more lighting devices for a present cycle of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit has been transferred by the power converter.
17. The integrated circuit of claim 15 , wherein the power converter control circuit controls a two cascaded power converter stages coupled by a link capacitor that stores energy converter by a first one of the power converter stages from the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit and wherein a second one of the power converter stages is controlled by the power converter control circuit to transfer energy from the link capacitor to the one or more lighting devices.
18. The integrated circuit of claim 17 , wherein the power converter control circuit controls the first power converter stage to transfer energy during the active period to charge the link capacitor in excess of the energy transferred from the second power converter stage to the one or more lighting devices during at least a portion of a power line cycle of the AC power source.
19. The integrated circuit of claim 15 , further comprising a load circuit for dissipating energy provided from the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit during the active time period, wherein the impedance control circuit controls the load circuit to provide the glue impedance level at the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit.
20. The integrated circuit of claim 15 , wherein the zero-cross predicting circuit is a circuit that computes the zero-cross time of the voltage of the AC power source from a waveshape of the voltage at the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit during the active time period.
21. The integrated circuit of claim 15 wherein the zero-cross predicting circuit and the timer form part of a phase-lock loop that that calculates the zero-cross time of the voltage of the AC power source from phase comparisons of multiple periods of the AC power source with a phase of the timer.
22. A circuit for powering one or more lighting devices from an output of a thyristor-switched dimmer circuit, comprising:
a power converter having an input for coupling to the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit;
a zero-crossing determining circuit for determining a zero-cross time of a voltage of an AC power source coupled to an input of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit; and
a control circuit having an input coupled to the output of the zero-crossing determining circuit for controlling operation of the power converter such that a greater amount of current is drawn from the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit through the power converter commencing at a first time substantially equal to a turn-on time of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit than a lesser non-zero amount of current that is transferred commencing at a second time subsequent to the first time and prior to a next zero-cross time of the voltage of the AC power source.
23. The circuit of claim 22 , wherein a portion of the energy required for operation of the one or more lighting devices is transferred during a first time period extending from the turn-on time to the first time, wherein a remaining portion of the energy required for operation of the one or more lighting devices is transferred during a second time period extending from the first time to the second time, and wherein no energy is transferred during a third time period extending from the second time to a next zero-cross time.
24. The circuit of claim 22 , wherein the control circuit determines a profile of operation of the power converter for a next cycle of the AC power source and controls the power converter in conformity therewith so that a minimum specified value of current is drawn from the turn-on time to the first time and any remaining energy required by the one or more lighting devices is transferred during a time period extending from the first time until the second time.
25. A method of powering one or more lighting devices from an output of a thyristor-switched dimmer circuit, comprising:
determining a zero-cross time of a voltage of an AC power source coupled to an input of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit;
supplying energy to the one or more lighting devices by converting energy drawn from the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit using a power converter; and
controlling the power converter such that a greater amount of current is drawn from the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit through the power converter commencing at a first time substantially equal to a turn-on time of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit than a lesser non-zero amount of current that is transferred commencing at a second time subsequent to the first time and prior to a next zero-cross time of the voltage of the AC power source.
26. The method of claim 25 , wherein a portion of the energy required for operation of the one or more lighting devices is transferred by the supplying during a first time period extending from the turn-on time to the first time, wherein a remaining portion of the energy required for operation of the one or more lighting devices is transferred by the supplying during a second time period extending from the first time to the second time, and wherein no energy is transferred by the supplying during a third time period extending from the second time to a next zero-cross time.
27. The method of claim 25 , wherein the controlling comprises:
determining a profile of operation of the power converter for a next cycle of the AC power source; and
controlling the supplying in conformity therewith so that a minimum specified value of current is drawn from the turn-on time to the first time and any remaining energy required by the one or more lighting devices is transferred by the supplying during a time period extending from the first time until the second time.
28. An integrated circuit for operating a circuit that powers one or more lighting devices from an output of a thyristor-switched dimmer circuit, comprising:
a zero-crossing determining circuit for determining a zero-cross time of a voltage of an AC power source coupled to an input of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit; and
a power converter control circuit having an input for coupling to the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit and an output for controlling a power converter for supplying the one or more lighting devices from the output of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit, wherein the power converter control circuit controls operation of the power converter such that a greater amount of current is drawn from the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit through the power converter commencing at a first time substantially equal to a turn-on time of the thyristor-switched dimmer circuit than a lesser non-zero amount of current that is transferred commencing at a second time subsequent to the first time and prior to a next zero-cross time of the voltage of the AC power source.
29. The integrated circuit of claim 28 , wherein the power converter control circuit controls the power converter so that a portion of the energy required for operation of the one or more lighting devices is transferred during a first time period extending from the turn-on time to the first time, wherein a remaining portion of the energy required for operation of the one or more lighting devices is transferred during a second time period extending from the first time to the second time, and wherein no energy is transferred during a third time period extending from the second time to a next zero-cross time.
30. The circuit of claim 28 , wherein the power converter control circuit determines a profile of operation of the power converter for a next cycle of the AC power source and controls the power converter in conformity therewith so that a minimum specified value of current is drawn from the turn-on time to the first time and any remaining energy required by the one or more lighting devices is transferred during a time period extending from the first time until the second time.