Battery Separators with Bismuth Containing Glass Fibers
Disclosed are glass compositions, glass fiber compositions, glass fiber battery separators, glass fiber filter media, battery additives and active materials formed with glass compositions disclosed, glass fiber radiation shields, and glass fiber paper compositions. Certain embodiments include, among other components, bismuth oxide. Certain embodiments include about 0.5-30% bismuth oxide of the composition by weight and silica oxide at about 54-70% of the composition by weight. Embodiments may also include other components. For example, zinc oxide can make up about 0.01-3% of the composition by weight.
1 . A battery separator comprising:
a non-woven mat of glass fibers, the glass fibers comprising:
from about 0.5 to about 30 weight percent bismuth oxide,
from about 50 to about 75 weight percent silica,
from about 1 to about 5 weight percent aluminum oxide,
from about 9 to about 20 weight percent sodium oxide; and
one or more of the following: from about 4 to about 9 weight percent boric oxide, from about 3 to about 7 weight percent calcium oxide, or from about 1 to about 5 weight percent magnesium oxide.
2 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 0.5 to about 15 weight percent bismuth oxide.
3 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 0.5 to about 7 weight percent bismuth oxide.
4 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent bismuth oxide.
5 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 2 to about 4 weight percent aluminum oxide.
6 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 12 to about 18 weight percent sodium oxide.
7 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 4 to about 9 weight percent boric oxide.
8 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 4 to about 7 weight percent boric oxide.
9 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 3 to about 7 weight percent calcium oxide.
10 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 4 to about 5.7 weight percent calcium oxide.
11 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 1 to about 5 weight percent magnesium oxide.
12 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers further comprise from about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent potassium oxide.
13 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers comprise:
from about 4 to about 9 weight percent boric oxide
from about 3 to about 7 weight percent calcium oxide; and
from about 1 to about 5 weight percent magnesium oxide.
14 . The battery separator of claim 13 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 0.5 to about 15 weight percent bismuth oxide.
15 . The battery separator of claim 13 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 0.5 to about 7 weight percent bismuth oxide.
16 . The battery separator of claim 13 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent bismuth oxide.
17 . The battery separator of claim 13 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 2 to about 4 weight percent aluminum oxide.
18 . The battery separator of claim 13 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 12 to about 18 weight percent sodium oxide.
19 . The battery separator of claim 13 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 4 to about 7 weight percent boric oxide.
20 . The battery separator of claim 13 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 4 to about 5.7 weight percent calcium oxide.
21 . The battery separator of claim 13 , wherein the glass fibers further comprise from about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent potassium oxide.
22 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers have a softening point of at least about 666° C.
23 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers have a softening point of at most about 703° C.
24 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers have a diameter of between about 0.8 μm and about 8 μm.
25 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the non-woven mat of glass fibers forms from about 60 to about 99 weight percent of a battery separator.
26 . The battery separator of claim 1 , further comprising a binder which comprises colloidal silica particles.
27 . The battery separator of claim 1 further comprising fibers composed of materials selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyolefin, wood pulp and mixtures thereof.
28 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the non-woven mat of glass fibers is formed into an absorptive glass mat.
29 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers have an average surface area of less than about 3 m 2 /g.
30 . The battery separator of claim 1 , wherein the glass fibers have an average surface area of less than about 2 m 2 /g.
31 . A battery separator comprising:
a non-woven mat of glass fibers, the glass fibers comprising:
from about 0.5 to about 30 weight percent bismuth oxide,
from about 50 to about 75 weight percent silica,
from about 1 to about 5 weight percent aluminum oxide,
from about 9 to about 20 weight percent sodium oxide;
from about 4 to about 9 weight percent boric oxide;
from about 3 to about 7 weight percent calcium oxide;
from about 1 to about 5 weight percent magnesium oxide; and
from about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent potassium oxide.
32 . The battery separator of claim 31 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 4 to about 5.7 weight percent calcium oxide.
33 . The battery separator of claim 31 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 4 to about 7 weight percent boric oxide.
34 . The battery separator of claim 31 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 12 to about 18 weight percent sodium oxide.
35 . The battery separator of claim 31 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 2 to about 4 weight percent aluminum oxide.
36 . The battery separator of claim 31 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 0.5 to about 15 weight percent bismuth oxide.
37 . The battery separator of claim 31 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 0.5 to about 7 weight percent bismuth oxide.
38 . The battery separator of claim 31 , wherein the glass fibers comprise from about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent bismuth oxide.
39 . The battery separator of claim 31 , wherein the glass fibers have a softening point of at least about 666° C.
40 . The battery separator of claim 31 , wherein the glass fibers have a softening point of at most about 703° C.
41 . The battery separator of claim 31 , wherein the glass fibers have a diameter of between about 0.8 μm and about 8 μm.
42 . The battery separator of claim 31 , wherein the non-woven mat of glass fibers forms from about 60 to about 99 weight percent of a battery separator.
43 . The battery separator of claim 31 , further comprising a binder which comprises colloidal silica particles.
44 . The battery separator of claim 31 , further comprising fibers composed of materials selected from the group consisting of polyester, polyolefin, wood pulp and mixtures thereof.
45 . The battery separator of claim 31 , wherein the non-woven mat of glass fibers is formed into an absorptive glass mat.
46 . The battery separator of claim 31 , wherein the glass fibers have an average surface area of less than about 3 m 2 /g.
47 . The battery separator of claim 31 , wherein the glass fibers have an average surface area of less than about 2 m 2 /g.