Dispersants and the process for preparing them
The present invention provides compounds which are liquid at a temperature of 20° C. and a pressure of 101325 Pa and are of the general formula (I) [R—O(SO) a (EO) b (CH 2 CHCH 3 O) c (BO) d ] x —[PO—(OH) 3-x ] y —R 4 z , where R=cardanol radical, R 4 =H, M + or alkyl having 1 to 3 C atoms, SO=styrene oxide, EO=ethylene oxide, BO=butylene oxide and a=0 to 3, b=0 to 100, preferably at least 1, c=0 to 20, d=0 to 3, x=1 to 3, y=0 or 1, with the proviso that y+z is =1, that if z=1 also x is =1, that when a, c and d are =0, b is from 1 to 15, preferably from 6 to 10, that when c or d is other than 0, one of the other indices a to d is likewise other than 0, and that the sum a+b+c+d is greater 3, a process for preparing them, compositions comprising these compounds, and the use thereof.
1 . Compounds liquid at a temperature of 20° C. and a pressure of 101325 Pa and of the general formula (I)
[R—O(SO) a (EO) b (CH 2 CHCH 3 O) c (BO) d ] x —[PO—(OH) 3-x ] y —R 4 z (I),
or liquid mixtures consisting of compounds of the formula (I),
where
R=
R 1 =bond to the unit —O(SO) a (EO) b (CH 2 CHCH 3 O) c (BO) d —,
R 2 =identically or differently, H or —O(SO) a (EO) b (CH 2 CHCH 3 O) c (BO) d —[PO—(OH) 2-x′ (R 5 ) x′ ] y′ —R 4 z′ ,
R 3 =identically or differently, saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical having 15 carbon atoms and 25 to 31 hydrogen atoms,
R 4 =identically or differently, H, M + or alkyl having 1 to 3 C atoms,
R 5 =organic radical,
R 6 =identically or differently H or M + ,
M + =metal or semi-metal cation,
SO=styrene oxide,
EO=ethylene oxide,
BO=butylene oxide, and
a=0 to 3,
b=0 to 100,
c=0 to 20,
d=0 to 3,
x=1 to 3,
y=0 or 1,
z=0 or 1,
y=0 or 1,
z′=0 or 1, and
x′=0 to 2,
with the proviso that y+z is =1, that when z=1, also x is =1, that y+z=1, that when z′=1, also x′ is =1, that when a, c and d are =0, b is from 1 to 12, that when c or d is other than 0, one of the other indices a to d is likewise other than 0, and that the sum a+b+c+d is greater than 3.
2 . Compounds according to claim 1 , characterized in that R 2 is =H, y is =1 and z is =0.
3 . Compounds according to claim 1 , characterized in that the units denoted with the indices a, b, c and/or d are arranged blockwise.
4 . Compounds according to claim 1 , characterized in that the unit which is the furthest away from the radical R, and which has a bond to the phosphorus or to R 4 , is an ethylene oxide unit.
5 . Process for preparing compounds according to claim 1 , characterized in that it comprises the steps of
A) activating a starter compound containing OH groups with a suitable acidic, basic or DMC catalyst,
B) reacting the compounds obtained in step A) with aliphatic and/or aromatic alkylene oxides, the aliphatic and/or aromatic alkylene oxides being used in molar amounts such that the indices a, b, c and d indicated in formula (I) are obtained,
C) optionally reacting the compound obtained in step B) with a phosphorus compound which forms phosphoric esters, and
D) optionally reacting the compound obtained in step C) with a neutralizing agent.
6 . Process according to claim 5 , characterized in that in step B) the reaction of the different aliphatic and/or aromatic alkylene oxides takes place in succession.
7 . Process according to claim 5 , characterized in that step C) is carried out and polyphosphoric acid (P 2 O 5 in solution in H 3 PO 4 ) is used as phosphorus compound.
8 . Process according to claim 7 , characterized in that 0.5 mol of P 2 O 5 is used per mol of OH groups.
9 . The process according to claim 6 , wherein step C) is carried out and polyphosphoric acid (P 2 O 5 in solution in H 3 PO 4 ) is used as phosphorus compound and 0.5 mol of P 2 O 5 is used per mol of OH groups.
10 . Compositions comprising at least one compound according to claim 1 .
11 . Compositions according to claim 9 , characterized in that the composition also contains water.
12 . Composition according to claim 10 , characterized in that the composition comprises at least one pigment.
13 . A method of dispersing and stabilizing aqueous pigment pastes, paints, printing inks, printing varnishes or coating materials which comprises adding a compound of claim 1 as an additive to said aqueous pigment pastes, paints or printing inks.
14 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the pastes are binder-containing or binder-free pigment pastes.
15 . The method of claim 12 , wherein the units denoted with the indices a, b, c and/or d are arranged blockwise and the unit which is the furthest away from the radical R, and which has a bond to the phosphorus or to R 4 , is an ethylene oxide unit.
16 . The compounds of claim 1 , wherein b is at least 1 and with the proviso that y+z is =1, that when z=1, also x is =1, that y′+x′=1, that when z′=1, also x′ is =1, that when a, c and d are =0, b is from 6 to 10, that when c or d is other than 0, one of the other indices a to d is likewise other than 0, and that the sum a+b+c+d is greater than 3.
17 . The compounds according to claim 2 , wherein the units denoted with the indices a, b, c and/or d are arranged blockwise and the unit which is the furthest away from the radical R, and which has a bond to the phosphorus or to R 4 , is an ethylene oxide unit.