Method of manufacturing electroactive polymer transducers for sensory feedback applications
A method for fabricating electroactive polymer transducers, the includes providing an electroactive polymer film comprising an elastomeric dielectric polymer, forming an array of electrodes on the film, and sandwiching the electrode array between a top and bottom array of frame components to form an array of electroactive polymer transducers.
1. A method for fabricating electroactive polymer transducers, the method comprising:
providing an electroactive polymer film comprising an elastomeric dielectric polymer having an elastic modulus of less than about 100 MPa;
forming an array of electrodes on the electroactive polymer film;
sandwiching the electrode array between a top and bottom array of frame components to form an array of electroactive polymer transducers; and
applying an array of negative spring rate biasing mechanisms onto the array of electroactive polymer transducers,
wherein the array of negative spring rate biasing mechanisms are configured to impose a negative spring rate bias on the electroactive polymer film, and
wherein the negative spring rate biasing mechanisms comprise a central hub mechanically coupled to an output disc and two opposing leaf spring flexures extending between the central hub and a frame side of an electroactive polymer transducer.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising singulating the array of electroactive polymer transducers.
3. The method of claim 2 , further comprising incorporating at least one singulated electroactive polymer transducer into a user interface device.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising incorporating the transducer array into an array of user interface devices.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the transducers are fabricated with web-based manufacturing techniques.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising sealing at least one electroactive polymer transducer of the array of electroactive polymer transducers.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein sealing the at least one electroactive polymer transducer comprises hermetically sealing the at least one electroactive polymer transducer.
8. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying at least one disc segment onto the array of electroactive polymer transducers.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying at least one output member onto the array of electroactive polymer transducers.
10. The method of claim 9 , further comprising mechanically coupling the at least one output member to at least one user contact surface.
11. The method of claim 9 , further comprising magnetically coupling the at least one output member to at least one user contact surface.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein forming the array of electrodes on the film comprises applying a high voltage electrode pattern comprising high voltage lines and a ground side electrode pattern comprising ground lines.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the high voltage lines comprise a pair of high voltage lines and the ground lines comprise a pair of ground lines corresponding to the pair of high voltage lines.
14. The method of claim 1 , further comprising incorporating the array of electroactive polymer transducers into a user interface array.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the user interface array is a keyboard.
16. The method of claim 1 , further comprising applying at least one mechanical force sensor onto the array of electroactive polymer transducers.
17. The method of claim 1 , further comprising pre-straining the electroactive polymer film by stretching the electroactive polymer film and holding the electroactive polymer film in a pre-strained condition.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein the array of negative spring rate biasing mechanisms are configured to impose the negative spring rate bias on a output component secured to the electroactive polymer film.
19. A method for fabricating electroactive polymer transducers, the method comprising:
providing an electroactive polymer film comprising an elastomeric dielectric polymer having an elastic modulus of less than about 100 MPa, wherein the electroactive polymer film is a first electroactive polymer film;
forming an array of electrodes on the electroactive polymer film;
sandwiching the electrode array between a top and bottom array of frame components to form an array of electroactive polymer transducers;
applying at least one first magnetic unit to the first electroactive polymer film;
providing a second electroactive polymer film;
and applying at least one second magnetic unit to the second electroactive polymer film, and wherein the at least one first magnetic unit and the at least one second magnetic unit are oppositely polarized or similarly polarized.