Rare-earth halide single crystals
The invention relates to a method of preparing a polycrystalline block of a halide of formula A e Ln f X (3f+e) in which Ln represents one or more rare earths, X represents one or more halogen atoms selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I, and A represents one or more alkali metals selected from the group consisting of K, Li, Na, Rb and Cs, e, which may be zero, being less than or equal to 3f, and f being greater than or equal to 1, having a low water and oxyhalide content, in which the method comprises heating a mixture of, on the one hand, at least one compound having at least one Ln—X bond and, on the other hand, a sufficient amount of NH 4 X in order to obtain the oxyhalide content, resulting in a molten mass comprising the rare-earth halide, the heating being followed by cooling, and the heating, after having reached 300° C., never going below 200° C. before the molten mass has been obtained. The blocks thus produced allow very pure single crystals having remarkable scintillation properties to be grown.
1. A single crystal of formula A e Ln f X( 3f+e ) in which Ln represents one or more rare earths, X represents one or more halogen atoms selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br and I, and A represents one or more alkali metals selected from the group consisting of K, Li, Na, Rb and Cs, e and f representing values such that:
e, which may be zero, is less than or equal to 3f; and
f is greater than or equal to 1;
comprising less than 0.1% by weight of rare-earth oxyhalide.
2. The single crystal as claimed in claim 1 , having an oxyhalide content less than 0.05% by weight.
3. The single crystal as claimed in claim 2 , having an oxyhalide content less than 0.02% by weight.
4. The single crystal as claimed in claim 1 , wherein Ln is selected from the group consisting of La, Gd, Y, Lu and Ce, and X is selected from the group consisting of Cl and Br.
5. The single crystal as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the single crystal has a volume of at least 10 cm 3 .
6. The single crystal as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the single crystal has a luminous efficiency at least 90% of that of a NaI crystal doped with 600 ppm by weight of Ti iodide, the energy resolution of which at 622 keV is 6.8%, the integration time being 1 μs, and the radioactive source being 137 Cs at 622 keV.
7. The single crystal as claimed in claim 1 , which has an energy resolution less than 5%.
8. The single crystal as claimed in claim 7 , which has an energy resolution less than 4%.
9. The single crystal as claimed in claim 8 , which has an energy resolution less than 3.5%.
10. The single crystal as claimed in claim 1 , wherein the time for X to decay is less than 40 nanoseconds.
11. The single crystal as claimed in claim 10 , wherein the time for X to decay is less than 30 nanoseconds.
12. The single crystal as claimed in claim 11 , wherein the time for X to decay is less than 20 nanoseconds.