Methods and compositions for tagging and identifying polynucleotides
The invention provides methods and compositions for attaching oligonucleotide tags to polynucleotides for the purpose of carrying out analytical assays in parallel and for decoding the oligonucleotide tags of polynucleotides selected in such assays. Words, or subunits, of oligonucleotide tags index submixtures in successively more complex sets of submixtures (referred to herein as “tiers” of submixtures) that a polynucleotide goes through while successive words are added to a growing tag. By identifying each word of an oligonucleotide tag, a series of submixtures is identified including the first submixture that contains only a single polynucleotide, thereby providing the identity of the selected polynucleotide. The analysis of the words of an oligonucleotide tag can be carried out in parallel, e.g. by specific hybridization of the oligonucleotide tag to its tag complement on an addressable array; or such analysis can be carried out serially by successive specific hybridizations of labeled word complements, or the like.
1. A method of sample analysis, comprising:
a) separately ligating an oligonucleotide tag to each of a plurality of samples that comprise fragmented genomic DNA to produce a plurality of adaptor-ligated samples, wherein:
i. each of said samples is made from a different source;
ii. each of said samples is ligated to a different oligonucleotide tag;
iii. each oligonucleotide tag comprises at least one word comprising a unique nucleotide sequence that distinguishes said oligonucleotide tag from other oligonucleotide tags; and
iv. each adaptor-ligated sample comprises adaptor-ligated genomic fragments that contain an adaptor and a genomic fragment;
b) pooling said plurality of adaptor-ligated samples to make a pooled sample;
c) isolating from said pooled sample adaptor-ligated genomic fragments that correspond to one or more genomic loci, thereby producing isolated fragments; and
d) sequencing an isolated fragment of (c) to obtain:
i. the unique nucleotide sequence of an oligonucleotide tag; and
ii. the nucleotide sequence of at least part of a genomic fragment;
wherein the unique nucleotide sequence of said isolated fragment identifies from which of said plurality of different polynucleotide samples said isolated fragment is derived.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the different sources are different human individuals.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said plurality of samples is 50-10,000 different samples.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein said unique sequence is from 2-18 nucleotides in length.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein said unique nucleotide sequence comprises a plurality of words of 2-8 nucleotides in length.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said oligonucleotide tag is ligated to both ends of said fragmented genomic DNA.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said oligonucleotide tag is ligated to end of said fragmented genomic DNA.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein said tag further comprises a primer binding site for amplification and/or sequencing.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein said isolating is done by hybridizing said pooled sample to a probe that is immobilized to a solid support.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein said isolating is done by exonuclease digestion of non-circularlized probes.
11. The method of claim 1 , wherein said isolating is done by template-driven ligation.
12. The method of claim 1 , wherein said isolating is done by template-driven strand extension.