Friction material for brakes

1. A friction material for a brake comprising, in percent (%) by volume of said friction material:

a binder forming 16-24% by volume;

a fiber forming 4-12% by volume;

at least one lubricant, each of said lubricants present in said friction material being selected from the group consisting of metal sulfide, non-metal sulfide, antimony trioxide, phthalocyanine, tin powder, and zinc powder;

said at least one lubricant including at least one of said metal sulfide and said non-metal sulfide;

each of said lubricants present in said friction material together forming at least 2% by volume and not greater than 5% by volume of said friction material;

at least one abrasive forming 10-22% by volume;

a filler forming 46-65% by volume, said filler consisting of at least one component selected from the group consisting of rubber powder, lime, calcium oxide, barytes, graphite, petroleum coke, desulfurized coke, calcium silicate, and friction dust;

said at least one component of said filler including said rubber powder, wherein said rubber powder forms at least 4% by volume of said friction material;

metal fibers forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume;

titanates forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume; and

copper forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume.

2. The friction material of claim 1 wherein said binder comprises phenolic resin.

3. The friction material of claim 1 wherein said binder forms 18-22% by volume.

4. The friction material of claim 1 wherein said fiber comprises at least one of aramid fibers, poly acrylonitrile (PAN) fibers, and cellulose fibers.

5. The friction material of claim 1 wherein said fiber forms 4-8% by volume.

6. The friction material of claim 1 wherein said at least one lubricant includes said metal sulfide, and said metal sulfide includes antimony tri-sulfide and at least one other metal sulfide different from said antimony tri-sulfide.

7. The friction material of claim 1 wherein each of said lubricants together form 2-4% by volume of said friction material.

8. The friction material of claim 1 wherein said abrasives comprise at least one hard abrasive selected from the group consisting of mineral fibers, zirconia, alumina, magnesium oxide, zirconium silicate, silica, silicon dioxide, sand, silicon carbide, mullite, and iron oxide; and at least one mild abrasive selected from the group consisting of: mineral silicate and metallic oxide.

9. The friction material of claim 1 wherein said abrasives comprise a blend of magnesium oxide, mineral fiber, and mica.

10. The friction material of claim 1 wherein said at least one abrasive includes magnesium oxide in an amount of 2-8% by volume.

11. The friction material of claim 1 wherein said at least one abrasive forms 12-18% by volume, based on the total volume of the friction material.

12. The friction material of claim 1 wherein said filler forms 49-57% by volume.

13. The friction material of claim 1 wherein said rubber powder comprises nitrile rubber.

14. The friction material of claim 1 wherein said rubber powder forms 7-11% by volume.

15. The friction material of claim 1 wherein:

said binder is a phenolic resin and forms 18-22% by volume;

said fiber is an aramid and forms 4-8% by volume;

said at least one lubricant includes said metal sulfide, said metal sulfide is a blend of antimony tri-sulfide and at least one other metal sulfide different from said antimony tri-sulfide, and each of said lubricants present in said friction material together forms 2-4% by volume of said friction material;

said at least one abrasive is a blend of mineral fiber, magnesium oxide, and mica and forms 12-18% by volume;

said filler is a blend of said rubber powder, graphite, petroleum coke, barytes, friction dust, and hydrated lime and forms 49-57% by volume; and

said rubber powder is a nitrile rubber and forms 7-11% by volume.

16. A brake pad comprising:

a backing plate;

a friction pad fixed to said backing plate, said friction pad fabricated of a friction material comprising:

a binder forming 16-24% by volume;

a fiber forming 4-12% by volume;

at least one lubricant, each of said lubricants present in said friction material being selected from the group consisting of metal sulfide, non-metal sulfide, antimony trioxide, phthalocyanine, tin powder, and zinc powder;

said at least one lubricant including at least one of said metal sulfide and said non-metal sulfide;

each of said lubricants present in said friction material together forming at least 2% by volume and not greater than 5% by volume of said friction material;

at least one abrasive forming 10-22% by volume;

a filler forming 46-65% by volume, said filler consisting of at least one component selected from the group consisting of rubber powder, lime, calcium oxide, barytes, graphite, petroleum coke, desulfurized coke, calcium silicate, and friction dust;

said at least one component of said filler including said rubber powder, wherein said rubber powder forms at least 4% by volume of said friction material;

metal fibers forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume;

titanates forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume; and

copper forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume.

17. The brake pad of claim 16 formed by a process comprising the steps of:

mixing the binder, the at least one lubricant, the abrasive, and the filler to form a homogeneous mixture comprising, based on the total volume of the mixture:

the binder forming 16-24% by volume, the fiber forming 4-12% by volume, each of the lubricants together forming 2-5% by volume, the at least one abrasive forming 10-22% by volume, the filler forming 46-65% by volume;

pressing the homogeneous mixture under a pressure of 4-25 tons/piece at room temperature to form a friction pad of the mixture;

pressing the friction pad and a backing plate together under a pressure of 5-50 tons/piece at a temperature of 265-295° F.; and

baking the pressed friction pad and backing plate at a temperature of 330-370° F.

18. A method of forming a brake pad, comprising the steps of:

mixing a binder, a fiber, at least one lubricant, an abrasive, and a filler to form a homogeneous mixture comprising, based on the total volume of the mixture:

the binder forming 16-24% by volume; the fiber forming 4-12% by volume; each of the lubricants present in the mixture being selected from the group consisting of metal sulfide, non-metal sulfide, antimony trioxide, phthalocyanine, tin powder, and zinc powder; each of the lubricants present in the mixture together forming at least 2% by volume and not greater than 5% by volume of the mixture; the at least one lubricant including at least one of the metal sulfide and the non-metal sulfide; the at least one abrasive forming 10-22% by volume; the filler forming 46-65% by volume and consisting of at least one component selected from the group consisting of rubber powder, lime, calcium oxide, barytes, graphite, petroleum coke, desulfurized coke, calcium silicate, and friction dust; the at least one component of the filler including the rubber powder, wherein the rubber powder forms at least 4% by volume of the mixture; metal fibers forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume; titanates forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume; and copper forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume;

pressing the homogeneous mixture under a pressure of 4-25 tons/piece at room temperature to form a friction pad of the mixture;

pressing the friction pad and a backing plate together under a pressure of 5-50 tons/piece at a temperature of 265-295° F.; and

baking the pressed friction pad and backing plate at a temperature of 330-370° F.

19. The method of claim 18 consisting essentially of said mixing, said pressing, and said baking steps.

20. A friction material for a brake comprising, in percent (%) by volume of said friction material:

a binder forming 21% by volume, said binder being a phenolic resin;

a fiber forming 7% by volume, said fiber being an aramid;

a lubricant forming 2-4% by volume, said lubricant being a blend of antimony tri-sulfide and at least one metal sulfide different from said antimony tri-sulfide; wherein said antimony tri-sulfide of said lubricant forms 2% by volume, and said metal sulfide of said lubricant forms 2% by volume;

an abrasive forming 12-18% by volume and being a blend of mineral fiber, magnesium oxide, and mica; wherein said mineral fiber of said abrasive forms 5% by volume, said magnesium oxide of said abrasive forms 5% by volume, and said mica of said abrasive forms 5% by volume;

a filler forming 49-57% by volume, said filler being a blend of rubber powder, graphite, petroleum coke, barytes, friction dust, and hydrated lime; wherein said rubber powder of said filler is a nitrile rubber and forms 9% by volume, said graphite of said filler forms 6% by volume, said petroleum coke of said filler forms 6% by volume, said barytes of said filler form 21% by volume, said friction dust of said filler forms 9% by volume, and said hydrated lime of said filler forms 2% by volume;

metal fibers forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume;

titanates forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume; and

copper forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume.

21. A method of forming a brake pad, comprising the steps of:

mixing a binder, a fiber, a lubricant, an abrasive, and a filler to form a homogeneous mixture comprising, based on the total volume of the mixture:

the binder forming 21% by volume and being a phenolic resin;

the fiber forming 7% by volume and being an aramid;

the lubricant forming 4% by volume, the lubricant being a blend of antimony tri-sulfide and at least one metal sulfide different from the antimony tri-sulfide, the antimony tri-sulfide of the lubricant forming 2% by volume, and the metal sulfide of the lubricant forming 2% by volume;

the abrasive forming 12-18% by volume, the abrasive being a blend of mineral fiber, magnesium oxide, and mica; the mineral fiber of the abrasive forming 5% by volume, the magnesium oxide of the abrasive forming 5% by volume, and the mica of the abrasive forming 5% by volume;

the filler forming 49-57% by volume, the filler being a blend of rubber powder, graphite, petroleum coke, barytes, friction dust, and hydrated lime; the rubber powder of the filler being a nitrile rubber and forming 9% by volume, the graphite of the filler forming 6% by volume, the petroleum coke of the filler forming 6% by volume, the barytes of the filler forming 21% by volume, the friction dust of the filler forming 9% by volume, and the hydrated lime of the filler forming 2% by volume;

metal fibers forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume;

titanates forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume; and

copper forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume;

pressing the homogeneous mixture under a pressure of 4-25 tons/piece at room temperature to form a friction pad of the mixture;

pressing the friction pad and a backing plate together under a pressure of 5-50 tons/piece at a temperature of 265-295° F.; and

baking the pressed friction pad and backing plate at a temperature of 330-370° F.

22. A friction material for a brake consisting of, in percent (%) by volume of said friction material:

a binder forming 16-24% by volume;

a fiber forming 4-12% by volume;

a lubricant-forming 2-5% by volume, said lubricant consisting of at least one component selected from the group consisting of metal sulfide, non-metal sulfide, antimony trioxide, phthalocyanine, tin powder, and zinc powder;

said lubricant including at least one of said metal sulfide and said non-metal sulfide;

at least one abrasive forming 10-22% by volume;

a filler forming 46-65% by volume, said filler consisting of at least one component selected from the group consisting of rubber powder, lime, calcium oxide, barytes, graphite, petroleum coke, desulfurized coke, calcium silicate, and friction dust;

said at least one component of said filler including said rubber powder, wherein said rubber powder forms at least 4% by volume of said friction material;

metal fibers forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume;

titanates forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume; and

copper forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume.

23. A method of forming a brake pad, comprising the steps of:

mixing a binder, a fiber, a lubricant, an abrasive, and a filler to form a homogeneous mixture consisting of, based on the total volume of the mixture:

the binder forming 16-24% by volume; the fiber forming 4-12% by volume; the lubricant forming 2-5% by volume and consisting of at least one component selected from the group consisting of metal sulfide, non-metal sulfide, antimony trioxide, phthalocyanine, tin powder, and zinc powder; the lubricant including at least one of the metal sulfide and the non-metal sulfide; at least one abrasive forming 10-22% by volume; the filler forming 46-65% by volume and consisting of at least one component selected from the group consisting of rubber powder, lime, calcium oxide, barytes, graphite, petroleum coke, desulfurized coke, calcium silicate, and friction dust; the at least one component of the filler including the rubber powder, wherein the rubber powder forms at least 4% by volume of the mixture; metal fibers forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume; titanates forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume; and copper forming 0% to not greater than 0.2% by volume;

pressing the homogeneous mixture under a pressure of 4-25 tons/piece at room temperature to form a friction pad of the mixture;

pressing the friction pad and a backing plate together under a pressure of 5-50 tons/piece at a temperature of 265-295° F.; and

baking the pressed friction pad and backing plate at a temperature of 330-370° F.