Low noise CMOS ring oscillator
View Patent ↗Disclosed is an inverter cell design comprising first and second transistors and first and second resistors. In disclosed embodiments, the first resistor is connected to a source of the first transistor and the second resistor is connected to a source of the second transistor. The first and second resistors are configured for connection to respective first and second voltage potentials. The inverter cells may be configured in a ring oscillator. A crystal oscillator may comprise an inverter cell according to the present disclosure.
1. A ring oscillator, comprising:
a plurality of inverters connected in a cascade fashion, wherein an output of each inverter is connected to an input of another inverter; and
an output terminal configured to output an oscillatory signal having a frequency,
wherein each of the plurality of inverters comprises:
a first transistor;
a first resistor having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the first resistor is directly connected to a source of the first transistor, and wherein the second end of the first resistor is directly connected to a first voltage potential;
a second transistor;
a second resistor having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the second resistor is directly connected to a source of the second transistor, and wherein the second end of the second resistor is directly connected to a second voltage potential, such that the first resistor, the first transistor, the second transistor, and the second resistor form a series connection; and
a capacitor having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the capacitor is directly connected to each of (i) the source of the first transistor and (ii) the first end of the first resistor, and wherein the second end of the capacitor is directly connected to each of (i) the source of the second transistor and (ii) the first end of the second resistor, such that the capacitor is connected in parallel with the first transistor and the second transistor, and is connected in series with the first resistor and the second resistor,
wherein the frequency of the oscillatory signal is based at least on (i) resistance values of the first resistors and (ii) resistance values of the second resistors.
2. The ring oscillator of claim 1 , wherein:
a gate of the first transistor and a gate of the second transistor are connected to the input of a respective one of the plurality of inverters,
wherein a drain of the first transistor and a drain of the second transistor are connected to the output of a respective one of the plurality of inverters.
3. The ring oscillator of claim 1 , wherein a flicker noise of the ring oscillator is dependent on the resistance values of the first resistors and the resistance values of the second resistors.
4. The ring oscillator of claim 1 , wherein the capacitor increases an operating frequency of the ring oscillator.
5. The ring oscillator of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of inverters include a first inverter and a last inverter, and wherein an output of the last inverter is connected to an input of the first inverter.
6. The ring oscillator of claim 1 , wherein the first voltage potential is different from the second voltage potential.
7. The ring oscillator of claim 1 , wherein the first resistors are connected to the first voltage potential, and wherein the second resistors are connected to the second voltage potential.
8. A phase locked loop comprising the ring oscillator of claim 1 .
9. A method for operating a ring oscillator, the method comprising:
generating a first output from a first inverter circuit;
feeding the first output into a second inverter circuit to generate a second output;
feeding the second output into at least a third inverter circuit to generate a third output;
feeding the third output into the first inverter circuit, thereby generating the first output;
reducing flicker noise in the ring oscillator by producing a resistor degeneration effect in the first inverter, the second inverter, and the third inverter,
wherein producing the resistor degeneration effect in an inverter includes
providing a first voltage level to a first transistor of the inverter via a first resistor, the first resistor having (i) a first end directly connected to a source of the first transistor and (ii) a second end directly connected to a first supply corresponding to the first voltage level, and
providing a second voltage level to a second transistor of the inverter via a second resistor, the second resistor having (i) a first end directly connected to a source of a second transistor and (ii) a second end directly connected to a second supply corresponding to the second voltage level, such that the first resistor, the first transistor, the second transistor, and the second resistor form a series connection; and
using a capacitor connected between the first resistor and the second resistor, increasing an operating frequency of the ring oscillator, wherein the capacitor is connected in parallel with the first transistor and the second transistor, and is connected in series with the first resistor and the second resistor.