Use of a BTEX-free solvent to prepare stimulation and oilfield production additives
Preparing a demulsifier, an oil soluble imidazoline corrosion inhibitor, an alkylphenolic resin, an alkylphenolic resin oxyalkylate, a paraffin inhibitor, a defoamer, an oil soluble scavenger, an oil soluble cleaner, a wetting agent, a surfactant, a foamer, and combinations thereof, in a non-limiting embodiment, in the absence of a BTEX solvent would be more beneficial to the environment than the same products prepared with BTEX solvent(s). The method may include adding an organic solvent to a mixture to form the aforementioned material(s). The organic solvent may be or include propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA currently marketed as DOWANOL PMA™), dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate (currently marketed as DOWANOL DPMA™), diisobutyl ketone (DIBK), methyl isobutylketone (MIBK), and mixtures thereof.
1. A method comprising performing an azeotropic distillation, wherein the azeotropic distillation comprises:
adding an organic solvent to an azeotropic mixture comprising an alkyl phenol, formaldehyde, and water, and wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA), dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate, diisobutyl ketone (DIBK), methyl isobutylketone, and mixtures thereof;
azeotropically distilling the azeotropic mixture by removing water and organic solvent from the azeotropic mixture and forming an alkylphenolic resin additive from the azeotropic mixture; and
wherein the method is performed in the absence of a solvent selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, mesitylene and combinations thereof.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises reacting the alkylphenolic resin additive with an alkylene oxide and/or a mixed oxide to form a phenolic resin oxyalkylate moiety; and wherein the azeotropically distilling comprises removing water and organic solvent therefrom and forming an alkylphenolic resin oxyalkylate additive; and wherein the alkylphenolic resin oxyalkylate additive comprises from about 30 to about 50 wt % of a phenolic resin oxyalkylate moiety compared to the total alkylphenolic resin oxyalkylate additive.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the formed material has a molecular weight of about 2,000 g to about 10,000 g.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the organic solvent is added to the azeotropic mixture in an amount ranging from about 20 v/v % to about 30 v/v % based on the total azeotropic mixture.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the removing water and organic solvent from the azeotropic mixture occurs at a temperature ranging from about 100° C. to about 150° C.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the removing water and organic solvent occurs at a pressure ranging from about 20 psig to about 50 psig.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amount of the organic solvent added to the azeotropic mixture ranges from about 50 v/v % to about 60 v/v % of the total azeotropic mixture.
8. A method comprising performing an azeotropic distillation in the presence of iron impurities, wherein the azeotropic distillation comprises:
adding an organic solvent to an azeotropic mixture having iron impurities therein; wherein the azeotropic mixture comprises an alkyl phenol, formaldehyde, and water; wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA), dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate, diisobutyl ketone (DIBK), methyl isobutylketone, and mixtures thereof; and wherein the azeotropic mixture does not comprise an organic solvent selected from the group consisting of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene, mesitylene, and combinations thereof; and
azeotropically distilling the azeotropic mixture by removing water and organic solvent from the azeotropic mixture and forming an alkylphenolic resin additive from the azeotropic mixture.
9. A method comprising performing an azeotropic distillation, wherein the azeotropic distillation comprises:
adding an organic solvent to an azeotropic mixture comprising an alkyl phenol, a formaldehyde, and water; wherein the organic solvent is selected from the group consisting of propylene glycol methyl ether acetate (PGMEA), dipropylene glycol methyl ether acetate, diisobutyl ketone (DIBK), methyl isobutylketone, and mixtures thereof; and
azeotropically distilling the azeotropic mixture by removing water and organic solvent from the azeotropic mixture and forming an alkylphenolic resin additive from the azeotropic mixture; and wherein the formed material comprises a phenolic resin moiety in an amount ranging from about 30 wt % to about 50 wt % of the total formed material.