Xanthan Gum with Fast Hydration and High Viscosity
This disclosure provides for xanthan gum polymer, and methods of making thereof, having enhanced properties such as improved hydration tolerance, hydration rates, and/or viscosity properties, as compared to conventional xanthan gum, while maintaining beneficial xanthan gum properties such as enzyme stability and shear stability. The organism used in the fermentation to produce the disclosed xanthan gum typically is a strain of Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris . These and other aspects of the xanthan gum are described.
1 . A xanthan gum having the following properties in solution:
a. a Low Shear Rate Viscosity at 3 rpm of greater than about 1600 mPa·s when hydrated in standard tap water at a 0.25 weight percent (wt %) concentration of xanthan gum,
b. a Sea Water Viscosity of greater than about 18 at 1 pound/barrel when hydrated in synthetic sea water,
c. a Hydration Rate of less than about 3 minutes in a 1 wt % NaCl solution at a 1 wt % concentration of xanthan gum, and
d. an ability to essentially fully hydrate in less than about 10 minutes in a 6 wt % NaCl solution at a 1 wt % concentration of xanthan gum.
2 . The xanthan gum of claim 1 further exhibiting properties comprising a Low Shear Rate Viscosity at 3 rpm of greater than about 1800 mPa·s when hydrated in standard tap water to a 0.25 wt % concentration of xanthan gum.
3 . The xanthan gum of claim 1 further exhibiting properties comprising a Sea Water Viscosity of greater than about 20 at 1 pound/barrel.
4 . The xanthan gum of claim 1 further exhibiting properties comprising a Hydration Rate of less than about 2 minutes in a 1 wt % NaCl solution at a 1 wt % concentration of xanthan gum.
5 . The xanthan gum of claim 1 further exhibiting properties comprising a Hydration Rate of less than about 4 minutes in a 3 wt % NaCl solution at a 1 wt % concentration of xanthan gum.
6 . The xanthan gum of claim 1 further exhibiting properties comprising a Hydration Rate of less than about 6 minutes in a 3 wt % citric acid solution at a 0.4 wt % concentration of xanthan gum.
7 . The xanthan gum of claim 1 further exhibiting properties comprising the ability to essentially fully hydrate in less than about 8 minutes in a 6 wt % NaCl solution at a 1 wt % concentration of xanthan gum.
8 . The xanthan gum of claim 1 further exhibiting properties comprising full hydration after about 1 hour of propeller mixing at 1800 rpm under ambient conditions in a 10 wt % ammonium nitrate solution at a 0.2 wt % concentration of xanthan gum.
9 . The xanthan gum of claim 1 further exhibiting properties comprising a viscosity, as measured using a Brookfield Model LV viscometer, No. 1 Spindle, at 3 rpm, after one hour of mixing at 1800 rpm under ambient conditions of greater than about 1900 mPa·s when hydrated in a 0.01M NaCl solution at a 0.25 wt % concentration of xanthan gum.
10 . The xanthan gum of claim 1 further exhibiting properties comprising a viscosity, as measured using a Brookfield Model LV viscometer, No. 1 Spindle, at 3 rpm, after one hour of mixing at 1800 rpm under ambient conditions of greater than about 2100 mPa·s when hydrated in a 0.01M NaCl solution at a 0.25 wt % concentration of xanthan gum.
11 . The xanthan gum of claim 1 further exhibiting properties comprising a viscosity, as measured using a Brookfield Model LV viscometer, No. 1 Spindle, at 3 rpm, after one hour of mixing at 1800 rpm under ambient conditions of greater than about 1900 mPa·s when hydrated in a 0.1M NaCl solution at a 0.25 wt % concentration of xanthan gum.
12 . The xanthan gum of claim 1 further exhibiting properties comprising a viscosity, as measured using a Brookfield Model LV viscometer, No. 1 Spindle, at 3 rpm, after one hour of mixing at 1800 rpm under ambient conditions of greater than about 2100 mPa·s when hydrated in a 0.1M NaCl solution at a 0.25 wt % concentration of xanthan gum.
13 . The xanthan gum of claim 1 being used as a thickener, viscosity modifier, emulsifier, or stabilizer in formulations for the drilling for or the assisted recovery of petroleum, for water treatment, for food, cosmetics, pharmaceutical or agrochemical formulations, for industrial or household cleaning, or for paper, construction or textiles.
14 . The xanthan gum of claim 1 , wherein the xanthan gum is obtained from the fermentation of Xanthomonas campestris.
15 . The xanthan gum of claim 14 , wherein the Xanthomonas campestris is a strain having an ATCC Accession No. PTA-11272.
16 . The xanthan gum of claim 1 , wherein the xanthan gum is obtained from the fermentation of Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris.
17 . The xanthan gum of claim 1 , wherein the xanthan gum is in a dehydrated state.
18 . A xanthan gum having the following properties in solution:
a. a Low Shear Rate Viscosity at 3 rpm of greater than about 1600 mPa·s (cP) when hydrated in standard tap water at a 0.25 weight percent (wt %) concentration of xanthan gum;
b. a Sea Water Viscosity of greater than about 18 at 1 pound/barrel when hydrated in synthetic sea water;
c. a hydration rate of less than about 3 minutes in a 1 wt % NaCl solution at a 1 wt % concentration of xanthan gum;
d. an ability to essentially fully hydrate in less than about 10 minutes in a 6 wt % NaCl solution at a 1 wt % concentration of xanthan gum;
e. an ability to obtain full hydration in about 1 hour of propeller mixing at 1800 rpm under ambient conditions in a 10 wt % ammonium nitrate solution at a 0.2 wt % concentration of xanthan gum;
f. a Low Shear Rate Viscosity at 3 rpm of greater than about 1750 mPa·s (cP) in a 0.01 molar (M) NaCl solution at a 0.25 weight percent (wt %) concentration of xanthan gum;
g. a Low Shear Rate Viscosity at 3 rpm of greater than about 1700 mPa·s (cP) in a 0.1 molar (M) NaCl solution at a 0.25 weight percent (wt %) concentration of xanthan gum; or
h. any combination thereof.
19 . The xanthan gum of claim 18 , wherein the xanthan gum is obtained from the fermentation of Xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris.
20 . The xanthan gum of claim 19 , wherein the Xanthomonas campestris is a strain having an ATCC Accession No. PTA-11272.