Printable composition of a liquid or gel suspension of diodes
An exemplary printable composition of a liquid or gel suspension of two-terminal integrated circuits comprises: a plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits, each two-terminal integrated circuit of the plurality of two-terminal integrated circuits less than about 75 microns in any dimension; a first solvent; a second solvent different from the first solvent; and a viscosity modifier; wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially about 50 cps to about 25,000 cps at about 25° C.
1. A composition comprising:
a plurality of diodes, each diode of the plurality of diodes comprising:
a light emitting or absorbing region having a diameter between about 20 and 30 microns and a height between about 2.5 to 7 microns;
a first terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a first side, the first terminal having a height between about 1 to 6 microns; and
a second terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a second side opposite the first side, the second terminal having a height between about 1 to 6 microns;
a first solvent;
a second solvent different from the first solvent; and
a viscosity modifier;
wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially about 50 cps to about 25,000 cps at about 25° C.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of diodes are selected from the group consisting of: light emitting diodes and photovoltaic diodes.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent comprises at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of: water; alcohols, cyclic alcohols, ethers, esters, glycols, glycerols, carbonates, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures thereof.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes has a lateral dimension between about 10 to 75 microns and a height between about 5 to 25 microns.
5. The composition of claim 1 , further comprising:
a plurality of substantially optically transparent and chemically inert particles having a range of sizes between about 10 to about 100 microns and present in an amount of about 0.1% to 2.5% by weight.
6. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent is present in an amount of about 0.3% to 60% by weight and the second solvent is present in an amount of about 0.3% to 60% by weight.
7. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the viscosity modifier comprises at least one viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of: a methoxy propyl methylcellulose resin, a hydroxy propyl methylcellulose resin, a polyvinyl polymer, a polyvinyl copolymer, and mixtures thereof; and wherein the viscosity modifier is present in an amount of about 0.10% to 5% by weight.
8. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the viscosity modifier comprises at least one viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of: clays, saccharides, polysaccharides, celluloses, modified celluloses, acrylate polymers and copolymers, (meth)acrylate polymers and copolymers, polyvinyl polymers and copolymers, polyethylene polymers and copolymers, ethers, esters, acetates, glycols, glycerols, fumed silica, silica powders, modified ureas, and mixtures thereof.
9. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the second solvent is at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of: water; alcohols, cyclic alcohols, ethers, esters, glycols, glycerols, carbonates, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures thereof.
10. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent comprises N-propanol, isopropanol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-octanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, or cyclohexanol, or mixtures thereof, and present in an amount of about 5% to 60% by weight; wherein the viscosity modifier comprises methoxy propyl methylcellulose resin or hydroxy propyl methylcellulose resin or mixtures thereof, and present in an amount of about 0.10% to 5.0% by weight; wherein the second solvent comprises N-propanol, isopropanol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-octanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, or cyclohexanol, or mixtures thereof, and present in an amount of about 0.3% to 60% by weight.
11. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially between about 100 cps and about 25,000 cps at about 25° C.
12. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially between about 1,000 cps and about 10,000 cps at about 25° C.
13. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially between about 10,000 cps and about 25,000 cps at about 25° C.
14. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a contact angle greater than about 25 degrees or greater than about 40 degrees.
15. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the composition has a relative evaporation rate less than one, wherein the evaporation rate is relative to butyl acetate having a rate of one.
16. The composition claim 1 , wherein the concentration of the plurality of diodes provides a mean density of the plurality of diodes from about 25 diodes to 50,000 diodes per square centimeter when printed on a flat surface.
17. The composition of claim 1 , wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes has lateral sides which are less than about 25 microns in height, are substantially sigmoidal and terminate in a curved point.
18. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first solvent comprises cyclohexanol.
19. The composition of claim 1 , wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes further comprises a conductive via coupling the second terminal to the light emitting or absorbing region.
20. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the first terminal and the light emitting or absorbing region of each diode of the plurality of diodes are each substantially hexagonal laterally and the diameter of the light emitting or absorbing region of each diode is measured opposing face-to-face.
21. The composition of claim 20 , wherein for each diode of the plurality of diodes, the first terminal and the light emitting or absorbing region each have a plurality of lateral sides which have a substantially sigmoidal curvature and which terminate in a curved point.
22. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the second terminal of each diode of the plurality of diodes comprises one or more metals and has an elliptical shape laterally with a major axis between about 10 to 20 microns in length and a minor axis between about 4 to 10 microns in width.
23. The composition of claim 1 , wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes comprises at least one inorganic semiconductor selected from the group consisting of: silicon, gallium arsenide (GaAs), gallium nitride (GaN), GaP, InAlGaP, AlInGaAs, InGaNAs, AlInGaSb, and mixtures thereof.
24. A composition comprising:
a plurality of diodes, each diode of the plurality of diodes comprising:
a light emitting or absorbing region having a diameter between about 20 and 30 microns and a height between about 2.5 to 7 microns;
a first terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a first side, the first terminal having a height between about 1 to 6 microns; and
a second terminal coupled to the light emitting or absorbing region on a second side opposite the first side, the second terminal having a height between about 1 to 6 microns;
a first solvent;
a second solvent different from the first solvent;
a plurality of substantially chemically inert particles having a range of sizes between about 10 to about 100 microns and present in an amount of about 0.1% to 2.5% by weight; and
a viscosity modifier;
wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially about 50 cps to about 25,000 cps at about 25° C.
25. The composition of claim 24 , wherein the plurality of diodes are selected from the group consisting of: light emitting diodes and photovoltaic diodes.
26. The composition of claim 24 , wherein the first solvent comprises at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of: water; alcohols, cyclic alcohols, ethers, esters, glycols, glycerols, carbonates, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures thereof.
27. The composition of claim 24 , wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes has a lateral dimension between about 10 to 75 microns and a height between about 5 to 25 microns.
28. The composition of claim 24 , wherein the first solvent is present in an amount of about 0.3% to 60% by weight and the second solvent is present in an amount of about 0.3% to 60% by weight.
29. The composition of claim 24 , wherein the viscosity modifier comprises at least one viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of: a methoxy propyl methylcellulose resin, a hydroxy propyl methylcellulose resin, a polyvinyl polymer, a polyvinyl copolymer, and mixtures thereof; and wherein the viscosity modifier is present in an amount of about 0.10% to 5% by weight.
30. The composition of claim 24 , wherein the viscosity modifier comprises at least one viscosity modifier selected from the group consisting of: clays, saccharides, polysaccharides, celluloses, modified celluloses, acrylate polymers and copolymers, (meth)acrylate polymers and copolymers, polyvinyl polymers and copolymers, polyethylene polymers and copolymers, ethers, esters, acetates, glycols, glycerols, fumed silica, silica powders, modified ureas, and mixtures thereof.
31. The composition of claim 24 , wherein the second solvent is at least one solvent selected from the group consisting of: water; alcohols, cyclic alcohols, ethers, esters, glycols, glycerols, carbonates, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran (THF), dimethyl formamide (DMF), N-methyl formamide (NMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and mixtures thereof.
32. The composition of claim 24 , wherein the first solvent comprises N-propanol, isopropanol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-octanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, or cyclohexanol, or mixtures thereof, and present in an amount of about 5% to 60% by weight; wherein the viscosity modifier comprises methoxy propyl methylcellulose resin or hydroxy propyl methylcellulose resin or mixtures thereof, and present in an amount of about 0.10% to 5.0% by weight; wherein the second solvent comprises N-propanol, isopropanol, dipropylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-octanol, ethanol, tetrahydrofurfuryl alcohol, or cyclohexanol, or mixtures thereof, and present in an amount of about 0.3% to 60% by weight.
33. The composition of claim 24 , wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially between about 100 cps and about 25,000 cps at about 25° C.
34. The composition of claim 24 , wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially between about 1,000 cps and about 10,000 cps at about 25° C.
35. The composition of claim 24 , wherein the composition has a viscosity substantially between about 10,000 cps and about 25,000 cps at about 25° C.
36. The composition claim 24 , wherein the concentration of the plurality of diodes provides a mean density of the plurality of diodes from about 25 diodes two terminal to 50,000 diodes per square centimeter when printed on a flat surface.
37. The composition of claim 24 , wherein each diode of the plurality of diodes has lateral sides which are less than about 25 microns in height, are substantially sigmoidal and terminate in a curved point.
38. The composition of claim 24 , wherein the first solvent comprises cyclohexanol.
39. The composition of claim 24 , wherein the first terminal and the light emitting or absorbing region of each diode of the plurality of diodes are each substantially hexagonal laterally and the diameter of the light emitting or absorbing region of each diode is measured opposing face-to-face.
40. The composition of claim 39 , wherein for each diode of the plurality of diodes, the first terminal and the light emitting or absorbing region each have a plurality of lateral sides which have a substantially sigmoidal curvature and which terminate in a curved point.