Method of removing mercury and/or arsenic from water or mercury from a gas using an extruded onium ion intercalated silane coupling agent reacted layered phyllosilicate
The use of a coupling agent containing a mercapto, disulfide, tretrasulfide and/or polysulfide end group provides a mercury removal media having increased reactivity, stability, and mercury removal ability. The mercury removal media described herein is prepared by reacting an organophilic clay containing onium ions with a mercapto, disulfide, tetrasulfide, and/or polysulfide end moiety. Alternatively, the clay can be made organophilic by onium ion reaction prior to or simultaneously with the coupling reaction of the mercapto- or sulfide-end group-containing coupling agent.
1. A method of removing mercury and/or arsenic from water or for removing mercury from a gas comprising contacting the water or gas with a contaminant removal media comprising an extruded, onium ion intercalated silane coupling agent-reacted layered phyllosilicate, wherein the silane coupling agent includes a mercapto or sulfide moiety.
2. The mercury removal method of claim 1 , wherein the silane coupling agent-reacted layered phyllosilicate comprises particles that are sized between 6 mesh and 50 mesh, U.S. Sieve Series.
3. A method of removing mercury and/or arsenic from water or for removing mercury from a gas comprising contacting the water or gas with a contaminant removal media comprising a silane coupling agent-reacted layered phyllosilicate, wherein the silane coupling agent includes a mercapto or sulfide moiety, further including a phyllosilicate intercalant agent, and wherein the percentage of components is as follows:
1-90 wt. % of the layered phyllosilicate;
10-50 wt. % of an onium ion or onium ion salt intercalant agent; and
0.5-50 wt. % of the silane coupling agent.
4. The method of claim 3 , wherein the intercalant agent is selected from the group consisting of
wherein Q=N, P, S;
wherein A=halide, acetate, methysulfate, hydroxide; and
wherein R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are independently organic moieties, or oligomeric moieties.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein A is a chloride ion.
6. The method of claim 3 , wherein the intercalant agent is selected from the group consisting of:
di(ethyl tallowalkylate)dimethyl ammonium chloride;
bis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethyl ammonium chloride;
benzylbis(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)methyl ammonium chloride;
benzyl(hydrogenated tallow alkyl)dimethyl ammonium chloride;
trihexadecylmethyl ammonium chloride;
tallowalkyl trimethyl ammonium chloride;
hexadecyl trimethyul ammonium chloride;
octadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride;
dimethylhydrogenated tallow-2-ethylhexyl ammonium methylsulfate;
cocoalkylmethylbis(2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride;
octadecylmethyl[polyoxyethylene(15)]ammonium chloride;
octadecylmethyl (2-hydroxyethyl)ammonium chloride; and
N,N,N′,N′,N′-pentamethyl-N-tallowalkyl-1,2-propane diammonium dichloride.