Dielectric coating for surfaces exposed to high temperature water
Example embodiments relate to a method and apparatus for reducing electrostatic deposition of charged particles on wetted surfaces that are exposed, periodically or substantially continuously, to high velocity fluid flow within a coolant flow path in a nuclear reactor. The method may include depositing a first or base dielectric layer and a second or outer dielectric layer on a conductive surface that forms a portion of a high velocity flow path to attain the apparatus. The first dielectric layer material is selected to provide improved adhesion and insulation to the conductive surface and the second dielectric layer material is selected to provide suitable adhesion to the first dielectric layer and improved corrosion and/or mechanical resistance in the anticipated operating environment.
1. An apparatus defining a coolant flow passage in a nuclear reactor, the apparatus comprising:
a base material, the base material being electrically conductive and having a surface configured to define a portion of the coolant flow passage;
a base dielectric layer formed on the surface of the base material, the base dielectric layer being substantially continuous, the base dielectric layer being a Ta 2 O 5 layer; and
an outer dielectric layer formed on the base dielectric layer, the outer dielectric layer being substantially continuous, the outer dielectric layer defining a wetted surface in the coolant flow passage, the outer dielectric layer being a TiO 2 layer, the outer dielectric layer being thicker than the base dielectric layer,
wherein the outer dielectric layer has a thickness between about 0.5 to 3 μm.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the base dielectric layer has a thickness between about 0.1 to 2 μm.
3. The apparatus of claim 2 , wherein the base dielectric layer has a thickness between about 0.1 to 0.5 μm.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the base dielectric layer has a thickness between about 0.1 to 0.5 μm.