Low noise, low dropout voltage regulator
View Patent ↗A low dropout (LDO) voltage regulator includes a scaling amplifier for receiving a bandgap voltage, Vbg, and outputting a scaled Vbg. A reference MOSFET device is included for reducing the scaled Vbg by a first voltage Vgs formed across gate and source nodes of the reference MOSFET device. This forms a reduced level of the scaled Vbg. An RC network filters the reduced level of the scaled Vbg and outputs a filtered voltage. An output buffer is included for receiving and increasing the filtered voltage by a second voltage Vgs in order to recover the scaled Vbg. The scaled Vbg is used as the desired regulated voltage output. The second voltage Vgs, which is produced by the output buffer, is equal to the first voltage Vgs, which is produced by the reference MOSFET device.
1. A low dropout (LDO) voltage regulator comprising:
a scaling amplifier for receiving a bandgap voltage, Vbg, and outputting a scaled Vbg,
a reference MOSFET device for reducing the scaled Vbg by a voltage Vgs formed across gate and source nodes of the reference MOSFET device to form a reduced level of the scaled Vbg,
an RC network for filtering the reduced level of the scaled Vbg and outputting a filtered voltage, and
an output buffer for receiving and increasing the filtered voltage by the voltage Vgs to recover the scaled Vbg,
where the scaled Vbg is used as a regulated voltage output, and
the RC network is coupled between the reference MOSFET device and the output buffer.
2. The LDO voltage regulator of claim 1 wherein
an input terminal of the scaling amplifier is coupled to a voltage divider of R 1 and R 2 resistors, and
the scaled Vbg, which is provided as an output from the scaling amplifier, is a function of the R 1 and R 2 resistors.
3. The LDO voltage regulator of claim 1 wherein
the reference MOSFET device includes gate, source and drain nodes, in which the gate node is connected to the drain node and the source node is connected to an output terminal of the scaling amplifier, and
the reduced level of the scaled Vbg is formed by the scaled Vbg, which is outputted by the scaling amplifier, minus a Vgs voltage drop, which is formed across the gate and source nodes of the reference MOSFET device.
4. The LDO voltage regulator of claim 3 wherein
a current generator is connected between a ground reference and the drain node of the reference PMOS device, and
a bias current, which is formed by the current generator, is provided to the drain node of the reference PMOS device.
5. The LDO voltage regulator of claim 1 wherein
the RC network is formed by internal resistances of an on-chip device and a capacitance disposed externally of the on-chip device.
6. The LDO voltage regulator of claim 1 wherein
the output buffer includes a lower PMOS device; and
the lower PMOS device includes
a lower gate node connected to the RC network for receiving the filtered voltage,
a lower source node for forming a voltage drop of Vgs between the lower gate and lower source nodes, and
the lower source node providing the regulated voltage output;
wherein the regulated voltage output is the scaled Vbg, which is equal to the filtered voltage plus the voltage drop of Vgs between the lower gate and lower source nodes.
7. The LDO voltage regulator of claim 6 wherein
the voltage drop of Vgs formed between the lower gate and lower source nodes of the lower PMOS device and the voltage drop of Vgs formed between the gate and source nodes of the reference MOSFET device have the same value.
8. The LDO voltage regulator of claim 6 wherein
dimensions of the lower PMOS device are sized to be similar to the dimensions of the reference MOSFET device.
9. The LDO voltage regulator of claim 6 wherein
the output buffer includes an output PMOS device serially coupled to the lower PMOS device, and
the output PMOS device includes
an output drain node connected to the lower source node, and
an output gate node connected to the lower drain node;
wherein the output PMOS device and the lower PMOS device form a tightly coupled loop for maintaining the regulated voltage output.
10. The LDO voltage regulator of claim 9 wherein
the output PMOS device includes
an output source node connected to an input voltage supply of Vcc; and
the output PMOS device is configured to regulate the input voltage supply.
11. The LDO voltage regulator of claim 10 wherein
back-to-back connected NMOS devices are disposed between the lower drain node and the output gate node, and
the back-to-back connected NMOS devices extend voltage regulation to a level above the input voltage supply.
12. The LDO voltage regulator of claim 11 wherein
a clamping PMOS device is connected between the input voltage supply and the back-to-back connected NMOS devices for restricting the regulated voltage output to the scaled Vbg.
13. The LDO voltage regulator of claim 10 wherein
the Vbg and the Vcc have equal values.
14. A voltage regulator for providing a regulated voltage output comprising:
an RC network disposed between an operational amplifier and an output buffer, in which
the operational amplifier receives a bandgap voltage and outputs a scaled bandgap voltage as the regulated voltage output,
the RC network filters a portion of the scaled bandgap voltage and outputs a filtered voltage, and
the output buffer modifies the filtered voltage to recover the scaled bandgap voltage as the regulated voltage output.
15. The voltage regulator of claim 14 wherein
a reference PMOS device is connected between the operational amplifier and the RC network for establishing the portion of the scaled bandgap voltage, and
the portion is equal to the scaled bandgap voltage minus Vgs of the reference PMOS device, wherein Vgs is a voltage drop between grid and source nodes of the reference PMOS device.
16. The voltage regulator of claim 15 wherein
the output buffer includes a lower PMOS device for providing another voltage drop of Vgs for recovering the scaled bandgap voltage.
17. The voltage regulator of claim 16 wherein
the output buffer includes an output PMOS device connected to the lower PMOS device, and
the output buffer provides the scaled bandgap voltage as the regulated voltage output.
18. The voltage regulator of claim 17 wherein
a source node of the output PMOS device is connected to an input supply voltage, and
the input supply voltage is substantially equal to the bandgap voltage received by the operational amplifier.
19. The voltage regulator of claim 14 wherein
the RC network is formed by internal resistances of an on-chip device and a capacitance disposed externally of the on-chip device.
20. A method of providing a regulated voltage output comprising the steps of:
scaling an input voltage to provide a scaled bandgap voltage;
reducing the scaled bandgap voltage by a predetermined amount to output a reduced voltage;
filtering the reduced voltage to output a filtered voltage;
after filtering, restoring the scaled bandgap voltage, based on the predetermined amount; and
outputting the restored scaled bandgap voltage as the regulated voltage output,
wherein reducing the scaled bandgap voltage is performed by a reference MOSFET device; outputting the restored scaled bandgap voltage is performed by an output buffer; and filtering is performed by an RC network; and
the RC network is coupled between the reference MOSFET device and the output buffer.