MAC aggregation resilient to denial-of-service attacks for use in a multi-node data network
View Patent ↗An improved MAC aggregation technique is disclosed that yields an aggregate MAC much shorter than the concatenation of constituent MACs while achieving improved resilience to denial-of-service (DoS) attacks. The aggregate MAC is constructed in a manner wherein upon instance of channel impairments or malicious attack (e.g., from a rogue node or man-in-the-middle attacker), only a portion of the aggregate MAC will include corrupted data, at least a portion of the aggregate MAC thereby including valid verifiable data. A source of corruption of the aggregate MAC may be ascertained based on indicia of which constituent MACs are included in the valid portion; and constituent MACs that are wholly included in the valid portion may be declared valid.
1. In a communication network including a plurality of successive sending nodes operably linked to a control node, a method, carried out by at least one sending node, comprising:
receiving from a previous node a first message authentication code (MAC);
generating a second message authentication code (MAC);
executing a MAC aggregation function to combine the first and second MACs, defining constituent MACs, yielding an aggregate MAC shorter than the concatenation of the constituent MACs, wherein the MAC aggregation function comprises a shifted bitwise XOR operation performed on corresponding bits of:
the first MAC; and
the second MAC, after having shifted the second MAC by s bits; and
sending the aggregate MAC to a next consecutive node for use in deriving a next instance of aggregate MAC, or if the next consecutive node is the control node, for use in authenticating data originated from the sending nodes.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the first MAC comprises:
an individual MAC, if the previous node is a first successive sending node; or
an aggregate MAC, if the previous node is an intermediate sending node.
3. Apparatus for performing MAC aggregation of constituent MACs, in accordance with a communication network including a plurality of successive sending nodes operably linked to a control node, the apparatus at at least one sending node comprising:
an input interface;
an output interface;
a memory; and
at least one processor operably coupled to the input interface, output interface and memory and configured to:
(a) receive from a previous node a first message authentication code (MAC);
(b) generate a second message authentication code (MAC);
(c) execute a MAC aggregation function to combine the first and second MACs, defining constituent MACs, yielding an aggregate MAC shorter than the concatenation of the constituent MACs, wherein the MAC aggregation function comprises a shifted bitwise XOR operation performed on corresponding bits of:
the first MAC; and
the second MAC, after having shifted the second MAC by s bits; and
(d) send the aggregate MAC to a next consecutive node for use in deriving a next instance of aggregate MAC, or if the next consecutive node is the control node, for use in authenticating data originated from the sending nodes.
4. A method comprising:
receiving from a first node a first message authentication code (MAC);
receiving from a second node a second message authentication code (MAC);
executing a MAC aggregation function to combine the first and second MACs, defining constituent MACs, yielding an aggregate MAC shorter than the concatenation of the constituent MACs, wherein the MAC aggregation function comprises a shifted bitwise XOR operation performed on corresponding bits of:
the first MAC; and
the second MAC, after having shifted the second MAC by s bits.
5. The method of claim 4 , wherein the first and second MACs comprise aggregate MACs.
6. In a communication network including a plurality of sending nodes operably linked to a control node, a method, carried out by the control node,comprising:
receiving from a previous node a message string including payload data from a plurality of sending nodes and at least one aggregate MAC computed by aggregating a plurality of constituent MACs generated by the respective sending nodes;
executing a MAC computation function to recompute the constituent MACs from the payload data and one or more shared secret keys, yielding a plurality of recomputed constituent MACs;
executing a MAC aggregation function on the recomputed constituent MACs, yielding a computed aggregate MAC shorter than the concatenation of the recomputed constituent MACs; wherein the MAC aggregation function comprises a shifted bitwise XOR operation performed successive instances of constituent MACs, after having shifted the successive instances by s bits;
comparing the computed aggregate MAC to the received aggregate MAC to determine an authentication status of the received aggregate MAC;
if the computed aggregate MAC is not equal to the received aggregate MAC:
identifying a valid portion and an invalid portion of the received aggregate MAC;
estimating a source of corruption of the received aggregate MAC, based on indicia of which constituent MACs are included in the valid portion; and
declaring valid the constituent MACs that are wholly included in the valid portion.
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the MAC aggregation function is defined by any function that is one-to-one on its components.
8. Apparatus for performing MAC aggregation of constituent MACs, in accordance with a communication network including a plurality of successive sending nodes operably linked to a control node, the apparatus at the control node comprising:
a communication interface;
a memory; and
at least one processor operably coupled to the communication interface and memory and configured to:
(a) receive from a previous node a message string including payload data from a plurality of sending nodes and at least one aggregate MAC computed by aggregating a plurality of constituent MACs generated by the respective sending nodes;
(b) execute a MAC computation function to recompute the constituent MACs from the payload data and one or more shared secret keys, yielding a plurality of recomputed constituent MACs;
(c) execute a MAC aggregation function on the recomputed constituent MACs, yielding a computed aggregate MAC shorter than the concatenation of the recomputed constituent MACs, wherein the MAC aggregation function comprises a shifted bitwise XOR operation performed successive instances of constituent MACs, after having shifted the successive instances by s bits;
(d) compare the computed aggregate MAC to the received aggregate MAC to determine an authentication status of the received aggregate MAC;
(e) if the computed aggregate MAC is not equal to the received aggregate MAC:
(e1) identify a valid portion and an invalid portion of the received aggregate MAC;
(e2) estimate a source of corruption of the received aggregate MAC, based on indicia of which constituent MACs are included in the valid portion; and
(e3) declare valid the constituent MACs that are wholly included in the valid portion.