Solar photovoltaic power conditioning units
We describe a photovoltaic power conditioning unit comprising: both dc and ac power inputs; a dc link; at least one dc-to-dc converter coupled between dc input and dc link; and a dc-to-ac converter coupled between dc link and ac output. The dc-to-dc converter comprises: a transformer having input and output windings; an input dc-to-ac converter coupled between dc input and input winding; and an ac-to-dc converter coupled between output winding the dc link. The output winding has a winding tap between the first and second portions. The ac-to-dc converter comprises: first and second rectifiers, each connected to a respective first and second portion of the output winding, to the dc link and winding tap; and a series inductor connected to the winding tap. Rectifiers are connected to the winding tap of the output winding via the series inductor wherein the series inductor is shared between the first and second rectifiers.
1. A power conditioning unit for delivering power from a photovoltaic dc power source to an ac mains power supply, the power conditioning unit comprising:
a dc power input to receive dc power from a photovoltaic dc power source;
an ac power output for delivering ac power to said ac mains power supply;
a dc link coupled between said dc power input and said ac power output;
at least a first dc-to-dc converter coupled between said dc power input and said dc link; and
a dc-to-ac converter coupled between said dc link and said ac power output;
wherein said dc-to-dc converter comprises:
a transformer having an input winding and an output winding;
an input dc-to-ac converter coupled between said dc power input and said input winding of said transformer;
an ac-to-dc converter coupled between said output winding of said transformer and said dc link; and
wherein said output winding of said transformer has a winding tap between first and second portions of said output winding, and wherein said ac-to-dc converter comprises:
first and second rectifiers, each connected to a respective first and second portion of said output winding, to said dc link, and to said winding tap; and
a series inductor connected to said winding tap; and
wherein said rectifiers are each connected to said winding tap of said output winding via said series inductor such that said series inductor is shared between said first and second rectifiers.
2. The power conditioning unit of claim 1 , wherein said shared inductor comprises a winding on a core of said transformer.
3. The power conditioning unit of claim 2 , wherein said first and second portions of said output winding of said transformer are windings on respective first and second legs of the core the said transformer, wherein a magnetic circuit of said transformer includes a shared core portion carrying flux from both said first and second legs of said core, and wherein said shared inductor comprises a winding on said shared core portion of said transformer.
4. The power conditioning unit of claim 3 , wherein said shared inductor further comprises windings on said first and second legs of said core, each wound in an opposite sense to a sense of said winding on said shared core portion of said transformer.
5. The power conditioning unit of claim 1 further comprising a second dc to dc converter coupled between said dc power input and said dc link.
6. The power conditioning unit of claim 5 , wherein said input dc-to-ac converters of said first and second dc-to-dc converters comprise a set of power switching devices to switch said dc power to said input winding of said transformer, said power conditioning unit further comprising at least one switching controller to control the set of power switching devices such that switching is synchronized between said input dc-to-ac converters.
7. The power conditioning unit of claim 6 , wherein said switching is synchronized such that a phase angle between switching of corresponding said set of power switching devices in said input dc-to-ac converters is substantially 90 degrees or 180 degrees.
8. The power conditioning unit of claim 5 further comprising a dc conversion stage controller, coupled to sense an input or output power of said power conditioning unit and to control said first and second dc-to-dc converters, and wherein said dc conversion stage controller is configured to control, responsive to said sensed power, whether one or both of said dc-to-dc converters operates to feed dc power from said dc input to said dc link.
9. The power conditioning unit of claim 8 , wherein said input dc-to-ac converters of said first and second dc-to-dc converters comprise a set of power switching devices to switch said dc power to said input winding of said transformer, said power conditioning unit further comprising at least one switching controller to control said power switching devices such that said switching is synchronized between said input dc-to-ac converters, and configured to switch off one of said dc-to-dc converters by gradually reducing said dc power fed to said dc link by the dc-to-dc converter to be switched off.
10. The power conditioning unit of claim 9 , wherein said dc conversion stage controller is configured to switch off one of said dc-to-dc converters by controlling a duty cycle of a pulse width modulated waveform controlling switching of at least one of the power switching devices.
11. The power conditioning unit of claim 9 , wherein said dc conversion stage controller is configured to switch off one of said dc-to-dc converters by controlling a switching frequency of at least one of the power switching devices to gradually move said switching frequency away from a resonant frequency of said dc-to-dc converter.
12. The power conditioning unit of claim 8 , wherein said dc conversion stage controller further comprises a circuit to sense a level of ripple on a capacitor of said input dc-to-ac converter to sense said power.