HEATER HEAD FOR ENERGY CONVERTER
In part, the invention relates to a heater head that includes a heat absorber plate that forms a substantially concave surface and a manifold comprising a headwall for engaging a heat engine, the manifold forming a concave depression for receiving the heat absorber plate. In various embodiments, the manifold forming a plurality of fluid channels to carry fluid between the heat absorber plate and the heat engine. The heater is suitable for use with energy converting devices, such as Sterling engines.
1 . A heater head comprising:
a heat absorber plate forming a substantially concave surface; and
a manifold comprising a headwall for engaging a heat engine, the manifold forming a concave depression for receiving the heat absorber plate, the manifold forming a plurality of fluid channels to carry fluid between the heat absorber plate and the heat engine.
2 . The heater head of claim 1 wherein the heat absorber plate has an arc or radius of between about 1× the outside diameter of regenerator to an infinite spherical radius.
3 . The heater head of claim 1 wherein the heater head is configured for use with a solar concentrator, and whereby solar rays reflected by the solar concentrator impinge on the surface of the concave heat absorber plate at near right angles.
4 . The heater head of claim 3 wherein a shape of the concave surface is configured such that compressive forces applied to the heat absorber plate caused by thermal loading are distributed by the concave shape of the heat absorber plate.
5 . The heater head of claim 4 wherein the heater head plate has a thickness that ranges from about 0.040 inches to about 0.160 inches.
6 . A solar energy converting apparatus comprising:
a Stirling engine comprising one or more pistons and a working fluid; and
a heater head having a substantially concave heat receiving surface, the heater head sized to receive light from a concentrator, wherein the heater head is in thermal communication with the Stirling engine.
7 . The solar energy converting apparatus of claim 6 further comprising a plurality of channels disposed opposite to the concave heat receiving surface and a regenerator disposed proximal to and in fluid communication with the channels.
8 . The solar energy converting apparatus of claim 7 wherein the channels are defined by a manifold, wherein the channels conduct the working fluid between the heater head and the Stirling engine to transfer heat and cause one or more pistons to travel.
9 . The solar energy converting apparatus of claim 8 wherein the heater head has a bowl-shape that is configured to radially distributes compressive stresses resulting from thermal transitions.
10 . A solar energy converting apparatus comprising:
a concave metal bowl having a curved heat receiving surface and a curved internal surface; and
a heater head wall defining a working fluid receiving cavity and a plurality of channels, the channels disposed adjacent to the curved internal surface, the heater head wall having a curved wall surface adjacent the curved internal surface.
11 . The solar energy converting apparatus of claim 10 further comprising:
a regenerator disposed within the cavity, wherein the regenerator is porous such that a working fluid can flow through the regenerator into the plurality of channels.
12 . The solar energy converting apparatus of claim 10 wherein the curved wall surface defines a manifold defining lengths of the plurality of channels such that the lengths are substantially perpendicular to a portion of the curved wall surface.
13 . The solar energy converting apparatus of claim 12 wherein the plurality of fluid channels are configured to carry fluid between the heater head wall and a heat receiving element.
14 . A method of extending the life of a heater head in a solar energy converting apparatus, the method comprising the steps of:
reducing a plurality of failure modes by sizing a heater head relative to a concentrator; and
selecting a concave heater head shape such that the concentrator has a convex shape relative to the heater head.
15 . The method of claim 14 further comprising the step of positioning the concentrator relative to the concave heater head such that heat losses are reduced due to alignment errors.
16 . The method of claim 15 further comprising the step of transferring heat to a working fluid in thermal communication with the heater head.
17 . The method of claim 15 further comprising the step of radially distributing compressive stresses in the heater head resulting from thermal transitions.
18 . The method of claim 15 further comprising the step aligning the concentrator and the heater head such that solar rays reflected by the concentrator impinge on a surface of the heater head.
19 . The method of claim 15 wherein one of the plurality of failure modes is creep fatigue.
20 . The method of claim 19 wherein one of the plurality of failure modes is metal fatigue.